Avaliação do metabolismo ósseo em modelos de plasticidade ontogenética

• Autor(a) principal: Maia, Lígia de Albuquerque
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12638
• topic: Bone metabolism; Ontogenetic plasticity; Early weaning; Neonatal overnutrition; Leptin; Metabolismo ósseo; Plasticidade ontogenética; Desmame precoce; Supernutrição neonatal; Leptina; Ossos Aspectos nutricionais; Lactação Controle; Hipernutrição; Osteogênese Fisiologia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

Nutritional changes during critical developmental periods are associated with chronic diseases in adulthood, a phenomenon known as developmental plasticity. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis have common mechanisms. In 3 different models of developmental plasticity, we observed programming for obesity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these 3 models, mechanical early weaning (MEW), pharmacological early weaning (PEW), and early overnutrition (EO) upon offspring s bone tissue during development. Thus, the present study was divided into two experiments. In experiment 1, lactating rats were separated into 3 groups: control - pups had free access to milk; MEW - dams were involved with a bandage interrupting lactation in the last 3 days; PEW - dams were pharmacologically treated to block prolactin (0.5 mg bromocryptine/twice a day) 3 days before standard weaning. In experiment 2, litter size was adjusted to 3 male rats per litter (EO). Litter containing 10 pups per mother was control. Bone tissue was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, biomechanical tests and serum analyses. Data significant had P<0.05. In experiment 1, at weaning, MEW and PEW pups presented lower body weight, total body fat, total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, serum osteocalcin and higher C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I). However, serum ionized calcium was lower only in MEW pups, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was higher and PTH was lower only in PEW pups. In adulthood, MEW and PEW groups presented higher body weight, visceral fat mass, 25-hydroxivitamin D, hyperleptinemia and lower CTX-I. Both groups presented higher total BMD, total BMC, spine BMD and bone area in 150 and 180 days. In individual bone evaluations, MEW and PEW offspring also showed higher femur BMD and fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) BMD, femoral head radiodensity and L4 vertebral body radiodensity, better bone trabecular microarchitecture and bone strength. In experiment 2, EO offspring showed higher body weight, fat mass, lean mass, BMC and bone area from weaning to adulthood. At 180 days, EO offspring also presented higher total BMD, femur BMD, L4 BMD, femoral head and vertebral body radiodensity, better bone trabecular microarchitecture and bone strength, higher osteocalcin and lower CTX-I. The three models lead to obesity and it seems that independent of the imprinting factors, there is a protective effect on bone tissue, which probably occurs as a result of different hormonal changes, that put together with the mechanical effect caused by excess of body fat mass, help us to explain the better bone health observed in these models of obesity.