Eventos cardíacos decorrentes da infusão contínua de cloridrato de amiodarona: implicações para o enfermeiro

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Elbanir Rosangela Ferreira de
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11348
• topic: Atrial fibrillation; Amiodarone; Nursing; Fibrilação atrial; Amiodarona; Enfermagem; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

The subject-matter of the following study is the cardiac events that are consequences from the continuous infusion of amiodarone hydrochloride into patients that developed atrial fibrillation in a postoperative care from a cardiac surgery. The aims of the study are: to describe the characteristics of the patients that received continuous infusion of amiodarone hydrochloride; to present the prevalence of bradycardia and hypotension in the patients that received continuous infusion of amiodarone hydrochloride; and to discuss the implications of the findings for the practice of nurses from the prevalence of bradycardia and hypotension that stemmed from the continuous infusion of amiodarone hydrochloride. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective, documentary study through the analysis and quantitative evaluation of medical records. It was developed in a cardiac surgery postoperative unit in a university hospital that belongs to the Rede Sentinela in the City of Rio de Janeiro. Hypotension was defined as the presence of a systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) lower than 90 mmHg and bradycardia as the presence of a heart rate below 60 bpm. The variables that characterized the population of the study and the measuring of arterial blood pressure and heart rate were transcribed into a data collection instrument through the years 2010 and 2011, creating 1782 hours of continuous infusion of amiodarone hydrochloride into 27 surgical patients (10,50%). The population of the study was mainly composed of women over 60 years old, with an admission over a week period, they showed pre-existing arterial hypertension (58,26%) and have atrial fibrillation (55,56%) and the surgical diagnosis of myocardium revascularization with extracorporeal circulation was predominant (70,37%). The data showed that 85,19% of the patients were carriers of at least one risk factor, 70,37% showed two risk factors and 55,55% showed three risk factors to develop atrial fibrillation in the postoperative of a cardiac surgery. It was found a predominance of 85,19% patients that showed bradycardia, 66,67% showed hypotension and 59,29% showed bradycardia as well as hypotension. There were 160 bradycardia episodes in a rate of 6,40 episodes per patients and 77 hypotension in a rate of 4,2 episodes per patients. The bradycardia happened mainly between the 48 and 72 hours after the infusion. Now, the hypotension increased progressively in the first 48 hours after the infusion. In the presence of bradycardia the medical intervention most frequent was the reduction of the amiodarone flow rate, while in the presence of hypotension the continuity of the norepinephrine infusion was the most common conduct. As strategy to improve the patient safety, conducts were devised as barrier method to prevent adverse events such as the bradycardia and hypotension. The main nursing care implemented by the nurse were the survey of risk factors to the atrial fibrillation, the detection of atrial fibrillation, the continuity of the continuous cardiac monitoring, hourly measuring of the heart rate and the control of the heart rate and arterial blood pressure, in order for a earlier medical intervention in the presence of hypotension or bradycardia.