A promoção da integridade do períneo no cuidado à mulher no parto

• Autor(a) principal: Zukoff, Mariana Kelly de Almeida
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11461
• topic: Nurse midwifery; Nursing care; Normal childbirth; Perineum; Enfermagem obstétrica; Assistência de enfermagem; Parto normal; Períneo; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Nurse midwives in childbirth take care procedures for perineal preservation and opt for hands-on and hands-off techniques, which according to current scientific evidence present no difference in rates of perineal lacerations. As research object: the promotion of perineal integrity in the care of women performed by nurse midwives in childbirth; and research objectives: to verify the prevalence and factors associated with care to promote the integrity of the female perineum at birth; to identify the strategies adopted to promote the perineal integrity of women in childbirth care; to describe the promotion of perineal integrity performed by nurse midwives. A mixed study, quan  QUAL, being the quantitative phase a cross-sectional, retrospective study based on the records, on the birth record book, of births assisted by nurse midwives at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro in 2015. The data were stored in Microsoft Excel® and the variables were processed using Stata SE 13® software, in which the prevalences have been analyzed, bivariate analysis of dependent and independent variables has been applied and their respective gross Chances Ratios (OR) and confidence intervals were calculated at 95%. In the descriptive, qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with all the nurse midwives working at the Obstetric Center of this health unit and analyzed by the thematic content analysis technique. Results: Analysis of 555 records of normal childbirth assisted by these professionals was performed, and the most used perineal care technique was hands off (92.4%). Oxytocin was used in 21.6% of the women and presented 6.6 (RP) more probability of the perineal protection with hands (hands on) being employed. Maternal non-supine position at birth predominated (94.6%). When this position is supine, there are 1.4 (OR) more chances of using the hands-on protective care. Episiotomy was performed in only one woman (0.2%). First-degree lacerations were more prevalent (65%). Third-degree lacerations occurred only in two women (0.4%). The majority (87.2%) of the newborns had adequate birth weight. In the qualitative analysis, the participants were young, with recent entry in the specialty, in normal childbirth assistance and prefer the hands off technique. They report some use of hands-on and vegetable oil. They adopt as principles of care the promotion of the perineal integrity: the respect for the physiology of childbirth and the female protagonism and the non-intervention in the female body. They also aim to achieve the following care goals: to promote the return to sexual and daily life activities in the postpartum period and to stimulate knowledge about the physiological repercussions of childbirth on the perineum. Therefore, these professionals opt for the expectant conduct and the hands-off care, proceeding the quaternary prevention in normal childbirth. These professionals prioritize the respect for the physiology of childbirth, promote the autonomy and protagonism of the woman in childbirth. For this purpose, they use these strategies of perineal care with goals for a better quality and safety in childbirth and postpartum period, providing a care based on current scientific evidence and on the humanization of childbirth and birth.