Relação entre empatia e altruísmo em mães e filhos no final da infância

• Autor(a) principal: Moura, Hysla Magalhães de
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17575
• topic: Empathy; Altruism; Parenting; Psicologia Social; Empatia; Altruísmo; Parentalidade; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL

The need to create intragroup ties and act for the benefit of others seems to be present since the beginning of the history of our species and in different societies. Understanding prosocial behaviors and the emotions related to them is believed to be fundamental to understanding human nature, its limitations and its abilities. In this sense, the present thesis sought to investigate empathy and altruism since these phenomena allow us to understand the physical and emotional needs of other people, as well as to help others. With regard specifically to altruism, it refers to behavior for the benefit of others that implies cost to the benefactor, whether in terms of time, money or even disposition. As for empathy, it is assumed that it would be understood in two processes that translate into the emotional implication and the potential to understand the emotions of others,. It is also worth mentioning the importance of studying parenting since it has been shown to be fundamental for understanding the initial manifestations of children's pro-social behaviors. Thus, this thesis aimed to verify the relationship between empathy and altruism in mothers and children, for children in late childhood. Forty children of both sexes, aged between eight and 12 years old, and their mothers participated in the study. As for instruments and tasks, the Multidimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity - reduced version was applied to the mothers, the Self-informed Altruism Scale, the Marlowe-Crowe Social Desirability Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. With children, tasks of empathy and altruism were performed, and the Child Social Desirability Scale was applied. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical package, version 22.0. In general, the results indicated that empathy and altruism expressed by mothers and children did not show statistically significant relationships. However, it was found that the levels of altruism and donation behavior of the children were positively and significantly associated. With regard to the first finding mentioned, it is assumed that this was due to factors such as possible sensitivity issues of the measures employed (scales and tasks of empathy and altruism), the reduced number of participants and the quantity and quality of experiences previous empathetic and altruistic ones. As for the association found between the levels of altruism and donation behaviors of children, it is understood that this may be due to the gradual understanding that children are acquiring as to the gains from acting altruistically. It is believed that knowing the implications of parenting on prosocial behaviors can contribute to the definitions of future research and to the development of programs to develop these prosocial behaviors, specifically aimed at parents and children.