Movimentos negros, Estado e participação institucional no Brasil e Colômbia em perspectiva comparada

• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Cristiano dos Santos
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15479
• topic: Constitutional reform; Black movements; Institutional participation; Public policies; Legislation; Ethno-territorial rights; Racial equality; Brazil; Colombia; Reforma constitucional; Movimentos negros; Participação institucional; Políticas públicas; Legislação; Direitos étnicoterritoriais; Igualdade racial; Brasil; Colômbia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA

This dissertation examines the relationship between black movements and the state in contemporary Brazil and Colombia. We begin our analysis with the period immediately prior to the enactment of the countries respective constitutional changes, and continue through the following two decades. In the late 1980s, the official discourse celebrating miscegenation and racial democracy began to gradually give way to more complex perspectives on multicultural citizenship, ethno-territorial rights and racial equality. This study analyzes the role played by black social movements in the adoption of related legislation and policies in both countries. We also consider the consequences of this shift in terms of the movements institutional participation and the reorientation of their repertoires of collective action. The results, analyzed according to the Political Process model, indicate that the political institutional impact of black movements tend to be more significant when there are both material and discursive openings. The first part of the dissertation shows how changes in the international political scene with the rise of new policy norms around multiculturalism , and within national contexts with increased political instability and ongoing processes of re-democratization , provided important political openings for the black movements in both countries. It also shows how academic debates about race and ethnicity influenced the discourses and strategies of black movements in Brazil and Colombia. In Brazil specifically, the "racial equality" frame arose at the intersection between academia and activism, and gained political momentum as much among state actors as non-state actors. In Colombia, however, it was the "ethno-territorial" discourse that oriented debates for the sociopolitical inclusion of Afro-Colombians. The second part of this study concentrates on the institutional participation of the black movements in both countries. Specifically, we examine the creation of laws, public policies and formal channels of participation for black populations, as well as the ways in which these advances impacted the strategies, organizational structure and networks of solidarity within the black movements. We also investigate the expansion of relationship-building between the movements and government agencies, the consolidation of ties with political parties and the balance of cooperative and/or conflicting interactions with the state. Through our research and analysis, we present new interpretive possibilities on the topic that go beyond outdated perspectives of dichotomous models of autonomy vs. cooptation. Our work contributes to the field of Afro-Latino Studies, reveals emerging processes of racial politicization in South America, and expands the debate on the articulations between social movements and institutionality.