Uso da ecologia química para o controle do Alphitobius diaperinus na Avicultura

• Autor(a) principal: Vaz, Janeilda Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3262
• topic: Cairomônios; Coleópteros; Insetos – Controle de pragas; Pragas – Controle biológico; Avicultura; kairomones; Coleoptera; Insects - Pest Control; Pest - Control Biological; Poultry farming; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA

Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a cosmopolitan pest, originally from Africa, popularly known as the killer, which attacks a wide variety of stored agricultural products. It was introduced into animal production systems, possibly by contaminated feed, dispersing and rapidly adapting to avian conditions. It is considered, worldwide, as one of the main plagues of poultry and difficult to control, causing damages to the poultry sector, being a vector of several diseases. Several methods have been used to control this pest, mainly the use of chemical products, such as pyrethroids and organophosphates. However, due to the risks of poisoning and contamination of the environment, as well as the development of individuals resistant to this pesticide, other approaches to the control of A. diaperinus have been addressed, such as the use of semiochemicals. The use of semiochemicals has been used as attractive foodborne traps for monitoring and catching pest insects. On the other hand, the evaluation of essential oils (OE) of native plants, can contribute to the discovery of useful compounds as natural repellents or bio-insecticides, generating useful tools in integrated pest management (IPM). The objective of this study was to investigate and identify the volatile organic compounds released by birds, avian litter, compound feed and feed components, which could cause the attraction of this pest to the aviaries, causing large infestations, in order to promote the exploration of natural compounds with potential for application in the integrated management of this pest in aviaries. As well as evaluating the essential oil (OE) repellent activity of mature fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius against adults of A.diaperinus, in order to promote the prospection of natural compounds with potential for application in the integrated management of this pest in poultry environments. The attractiveness of extracts prepared by solvent extraction, after aeration, was evaluated in behavioral bioassays in a double-choice Y olfactometer, while the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds were performed by gas chromatography coupled to electroantenography and gas chromatography coupled to spectrometry of pasta. The following compounds were selected from the aeration of birds and the environment of the birds (avian bed): Nonanal, 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde, 4Ethylacetophenone and Geranylacetone. The CG-EAG and CG-EM analyzes of aeration of the compound feed and feed components (corn and soybean meal and meat meal), the same compounds were identified as bioactive. These compounds were compared to synthetic standards and were individually tested in mixtures through bioassays on Y-tube olfactometer. Three compounds demonstrated attractive activity when individually tested and compounded with repellent activity. When combined, mixtures containing 4ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-ethylacetophenone, nonanal and geranylacetone (mixture 1), 4-ethylbenzaldehyde and 4-ethylacetophenone (mixture 2) and nonanal, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde and 4-ethylacetophenone (mixture 3) were also combined presented attraction activity on this insect. The activity of OE extracted by steamdragging of mature fruits of S. terebinthifolius (3 replicates) harvested from plants located on the AC Simões campus of UFAL, Maceió-AL, on adults of A.diaperinus was tested in bioassays in double-choice olfactometer , in two concentrations (1 and 10 μL). A mixture of standards with the attractive compounds, identified in the aeration of birds and the avian bed (nonanal, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde and 4ethylacetophenone), was tested in two ways: together with OE, having as control hexane; and the other, the mixture was added on one arm of the olfactometer and the OE on the other arm, on filter paper. While the OE composition was analyzed by CG-FID and CG-MS. Higher OE repellency was observed at a dose of 10 μL. The repellency was confirmed when tested with the attractive compounds. A total of 14 compounds were identified in S. terebinthifolius OE, with the main components being β-pinene (49.8%), α-pinene (33.49%), 3-carene (5.85%), 2.08%) and bornylene (1.21%). The attractive compounds identified from the aeration of the birds act as kiromoniums for A.diaperinus, whereas the S.terebinthifolius OE has repellent activity against this pest, so the results obtained here can be applied in the development of bioproducts for the integrated management of A.diaperinus in and around poultry houses and grain and feed storage environments, favored the rational use of insecticides.