Geography of Opportunities or exclusion? Assessing Neighborhood Effects in different Contexts of Poverty and Segregation in Salvador, Brazil

• Autor(a) principal: Treuke, Stephan
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Revista de Ciências Sociais
• Texto Completo: http://www.periodicos.ufc.br/revcienso/article/view/61323
• topic: Urban Poverty; Segregation; Neighborhood Effects; Opportunity Structures; Salvador.; Pobreza urbana; segregação; efeito-território; estruturas de oportunidades; Salvador.

In this research, we will seek to examine the impact of neighborhood effects on the socio-economic integration of the populations of five shanty-towns located in Salvador, Brazil. Based on interviews, we show that, in the case of the three shanty-towns embedded in affluent areas, the individuals' access to opportunity structures is conditioned upon the surrounding neighborhoods' functional use of space, the shared use of urban services, the gated communities' spatial isolation, and the impact of crime. In the peripheral São João do Cabrito, the encapsulation of the individuals' networks produces their social isolation, whereas the socioeconomic heterogeneity of the population of Fazenda Grande II/Jaguaripe I fosters the lower echelons' economic integration. Three mechanisms might account for neighborhood effect variability: changes in the support structures, the impact of crime and the populations' stigmatization. The study pledges for the use of explanatory models which take into consideration the causal interrelatedness of the micro, meso and macro-social dimensions.