Transportes, uso do solo e atividades: modelagem conceitual para o planejamento da acessibilidade urbana

• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, André Soares
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/14598
• topic: Transportes; Planejamento urbano; Modegadem integrada

A complex city planning requires the development of conceptual models of how these systems work and of the mutual dependencies of its constituent elements. For some decades now, the technical and scientific communities responsible for the city planning have been building some conceptual models of urban land use and transport interaction (LUTI). Isolated efforts of these communities have achieved some success in representing the urban phenomenon (understood as a complex system). They still encounter some difficulties in dealing with such multidimensional systems in a complex way. To achieve such goal it would require a more comprehensive and integrated approach. From the literature review of existing conceptual models that address the representation of LUTI systems we could find a set of conceptual weaknesses that hinder the integrated modeling of urban phenomena. Among these weaknesses we highlight that these efforts do not represent satisfactorily, or even recognize, subsystems that comprise the urban system. For this reason, we understand the need to develop a proposal for a systemic conceptual model for the urban phenomena. One that incorporates the dynamic aspects of the relationship among at least three subsystems (activities, land use and transport). The proposed model, called ALUTI model ("Activity, Land Use and Transport Interaction"), is a tool for communication between the technical and scientific communities of city planning. It is based on the microeconomic theory of supply/demand balance relationship, and the assumption of causal relationships between subsystems, derived from an “a priori” model. The applicability of the ALUTI model is verified for, at least, three basic stages of mobility and accessibility planning: Problem representation, characterization and diagnosis. First (1) as a demonstrative tool of the evolution of transport planning paradigms, which culminates today with the paradigm of accessibility planning as plausible path to the integration of transdisciplinary planning efforts. Second (2), as a representative tool of the problems afflicting the actors involved in urban phenomenon. In this application, we recognize a set of derivative problems: from the theoretical and methodological interpretations of the problems; from the guiding values and principles of planning; and from different types of accessibility restrictions. The ALUTI model third application (3) is as an auxiliary tool to the interpretation of dependency relationships between problems, and its characterization (quantification / qualification). This last application for the ALUTI model highlights the contribution of this work in defining causality hypotheses between the elements of integrated urban systems, and as an aid for the construction of indicators that enable us to better understand the complex relationships between problems and accessibility restrictions.