Investigação dos fatores que afetam a umidade ascensional em construções históricas

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Luis Marcelo Gomes de
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/65170
• topic: Patrimônio histórico; Umidade ascensional; Igreja do Nosso Senhor do Bonfim; Simulação computacional; Caracterização de materiais históricos

One of the most important historical records of a society lay in its ancient buildings, that keep information about the cultural identity, evolution and behavior of a society, in addition to providing information such as construction techniques and materials used in antiquity. In this way, the conservation and restoration of historic buildings is important to ensure the maintenance of these records for posterity. One of the main causes of pathologies and historical degradation in historic constructions (HC) is the presence of humidity, which is mainly caused by the process of water penetration by capillarity, a process called rising damp. Knowing the properties of historical materials is one of the main ways to obtain information that helps in the control and study of humidity, in addition to subsidizing the techniques of restoration and conservation of HC. The aim of this study is to characterize the materials and analyze the main impact factors in the rising damp of a historic building, using as a reference the Church of Nosso Senhor do Bonfim, dating from the 18th century and located in Aracati, Ceará. The physical, mechanical and mineralogical characterization was carried out on the historic mortars and bricks collected from the Churche. Then, using the characterization of materials as a reference, the impact of brick thickness, mortar layer thickness, mortar composition, paint and salinity on capillary progression in historic walls was studied. The analysis was performed through computer simulations performed in the WUFI 2D software. The results obtained allowed to obtain several conclusions about the materials of the Church, such as the identification of two different types of mortars in the church, in different layers, indicating restoration with a mortar different from the original, and identification of the binder:aggregates proportion used in the mortar originally. As for the analysis of the impact factors on humidity, it was possible to conclude that all the factors studied, with the exception of the thickness of the mortar layer, impact the progression of ascent moisture, confirming and reinforcing the importance of studying construction materials in historic buildings to prevent or reduce the occurrence of rising damp.