Perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos na unidade de terapia intensiva da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Fortaleza

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Paulo Cesar Pereira de
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/4244
• topic: Unidade Terapia Intensiva; Antibacterianos; Farmacorresistência Bacteriana

Antibiotics are the most prescribed drugs at the Intensive Care Units. Bacteria has become more and more resistant to those drugs, which represents a threat of public health. Keeping eyes on the use of antimicrobic agents is one of the essential preconditions to control that resistance. In the period of November 1st 2005 to June 30th 2006, was verified an observational study, descriptive and prospective, where were evaluated the handbook of patients on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of “Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza”. About 157 patients were observed and their handbook and structured forms. The social-demographic characteristics, the factors of risk associated to clinic evolution and the identification and profile of bacterial resistance were studied. The use of antimicrobic was evaluated with the objective to available subsidies to a good and rational use of drugs. The collected data were analyzed on the SPSS, version 10.0. The patients presented an average of 66 years old and the mortality between the elderly people was 60%. The most frequent diagnosed hypotheses were respiratory infection (28.7%) and sepses (15.9%), associated to 48.9% out of 80% of the total registered deaths. About half of those who made use of veinal or urinary catheters - 62.4% and 87.3%, respectively, came to die. It was found that the antibiotic therapy applied in those patients was not based on the microbiotic sensitiveness patterns, and the antibiotic consume was 182,8 DDD (daily dose definite) per bed a day. The most given antibiotic were the ß-lactamics (107.8 DDD per 100 beds a day), such as ceftriaxone (31.9%), ciprofloxacin (16.9%) and clindamicin (14.4%). The highest dose of antibiotic given was ceftriaxone (50.3 DDD/100 beds a day). The Gram-negative bacilli were more often (71.1%), especially P. aeruginose (21.7%). The most predominant species was S. aureus (22.9%). 77.8% and 84.2% of ceps displayed tough toward cefalotin and penicillin, respectively. Most of patients (54.1%) died, though they were under antibiotic therapy. The broad profile of resistance at antibiotics shown in this research follows the recent patterns, which state that the most of the isolated patients are resistant to the ß-lactamics, such as Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Scientists have become more concerned about the future, due to the high therapeutic limitation. The outcomes displayed in this essay aims to point out the necessity of monitoring the sue of antibiotics at Intensive Care Units, in order to minimize the causes of mortality due to the abuse of antibiotics. Educational actions, in order to promote a permanent guard on the use of antibiotics at hospitals, along with a rational politic to regulate the their use are very important measures to prevent and control such restless situation.