Cicatrização da úlcera por pressão experimental com fumaça de moxa palito de Artemisia vulgaris em camundongos

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Ricardo de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7733
• topic: Cicatrização; Úlcera por Pressão; Artemisia

Pressure ulcer (PU) is a common injury among elderly and subjects with impaired physical mobility. It affects the quality of life of individuals and generates considerable costs, since it is becoming a worldwide growing problem due to the aging of the population. Cycles of ischemia and reperfusion from pressure have been identified as primary causal factor but other factors influence the intensity of damage. Currently, there is no effective and inexpensive method to treat this condition. For this reason, we aimed to check whether the traditional indication of smoke from Artemisia vulgaris (SAV) really contributes to the wound healing process of the PU. This work was approved by Ethics Committee (89/2011). It was used a non-invasive model of PU in mice which consists of 4 cycles of ischemia and reperfusion by the placement of two magnets on the dorsal skin surface of mice. Five experimental groups were tested: negative control, with ulcer and without treatment; positive control, with ulcer and treated with hydrogel and transparent film; treated group 1, with ulcer and topical SAV, treated group 2, with ulcer and topical SAV and transparent film, and a group without ulcer and without treatment. The analysis was conducted on days 5, 7, 14 and 21 after ulcer induction. Macroscopic parameters of healing were assessed through the EWAT (Experimental Wound Assessment Tool). Wound area, percentage of contraction, histopathological analysis, collagen layer thickness and collagen density in the dermis, counting of fibroblasts and fibrocytes, measurement of epidermis thickness were also assessed. Evaluation of the immunostaining for iNOS and nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde assay (MDA) was performed to investigate oxidative stress. Toxicological tests were conducted in treated animals and SAV showed no toxic effect. In all the results SAV+film treatment was better than SAV. Results: Macroscopic EWAT and inflammatory scores showed significant differences between SAV+film treated group and control group (p<0,01). Wound contraction area was enhanced in SAV+film group by 99,62% (vs 84,65%, control) as well as fibroblast count (112,7 ± 7,9 vs 80,0 ± 6,4; control, p<0,01) and collagen density (33,9% ± 6,6 vs 20,9% ± 8,6; control, p<0,01). Epidermal width was increased by SAV+film (113,2 ± 18,1 vs 52,1 ± 8,9; control p<0.01) and also the blood vessel counting in the conjunctive tissue (142,3 ± 15,1 vs 68,5 ± 8,6; control, p<0.01). The counting of iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunostained cells showed a reduction by SAV+film (601,5 ± 94,0 vs 2005,0 ± 95,7; control, iNOS and 666,0 ± 142,4 vs 1877,2 ± 133,8; control, nitrotyrosine, p<0.01). MDA assay showed also a reduction by SAV+film treatment (0,08 ± 0,03 vs 0,3 ± 0,05; control, p<0.05). In conclusion, SAV topical application promoted wound healing by anti-oxidant properties and by modulating the inflammatory process. The effect of SAV was enhanced when the wound area was covered by the transparent film after smoke application. In addition, this method showed no toxic effect and may be an effective and low cost alternative for PU healing treatment.