Intervenção educativa para adesão de adolescentes à vacina contra o Papiloma Vírus Humano

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Hellen Lívia Oliveira Catunda
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/56793
• topic: Vacinas contra Papillomavirus; Ensaio Clínico; Tecnologia Educacional; Adolescente; Enfermagem

A condition for the development of cervical cancer is infection by the human papillomavirus. Despite the availability of the vaccine against the virus, it is observed that many adolescents do not adhere to this care strategy. In this context, it is essential to develop educational processes about vaccination. Thus, the objective was to analyze the effectiveness of the educational health intervention “Get out, HPV!” to increase the knowledge, attitude and adherence of adolescents to vaccination against human papillomavirus through an experimental study, such as a randomized controlled clinical trial. The study was divided into three phases: Construction and validation of educational technology; Analysis of adherence of adolescents to the vaccine against human papillomavirus; Evaluation of the effects of educational intervention to adolescents for adherence to the vaccine against human papillomavirus. It was carried out in six municipal schools in the Northeast of Brazil from August 2018 to January 2020. The total sample was 238 adolescents in the pre-test and 210 in the post-test. The pre-and post-intervention knowledge, attitude and practice survey was applied. For data treatment, descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, McNemar test and logistic regression model were performed. The descriptive level used was 5%. This study was approved under opinion No. 2,645,679, registered at the International Clinical Trials Registration Platform and submitted to the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry portal. The development of educational technology was based on principles for the adequacy of written communication, using theoretical and methodological references and based on scientific literature. The project was named: “Get out, HPV!” and consisting of 21 short educational texts related to the prevention of human papillomavirus infection, especially vaccination. In the validation process with seven judges, the global content validation index was 0.94, with agreement between them and considering the appropriate validation step. From that process, there were 18 printed message cards. As for the adolescents' sociodemographic, sexual and reproductive characteristics, the groups were homogeneous in almost all variables. Before the intervention, it can be observed that the knowledge was inadequate and the attitude was appropriate in both groups. After applying the technology, adequate knowledge was greater in the intervention group. The attitude was similar to the result prior to the intervention, although some variables about thoughts about vaccines in general and whether the human papillomavirus vaccine would be significant in the intervention group. It was also found that the intervention group had a frequency of practice assessed as adequate higher than that of the control group, and that the age over 12 years and the appropriate knowledge and attitude explain approximately 70% of the practice. In this context, it is concluded that the intervention with the message cards of the project “Get out HPV!” increases the adherence of female adolescents to the vaccine against human papillomavirus. In addition, as it is a lowcost technology and simple to be applied, it can be incorporated into the care process in different environments, such as schools and health institutions, being an important tool for building knowledge not only for adolescents, but also for family.