Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU) |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/handle/prefix/5188 |
Resumo: | Livestock associated with deforestation for conversions of extensive areas into pasture are factors that cause large impacts to soil degradation and reductions in native vegetation of global ecosystems. In addition to changes in species diversity, the overgrazing can cause loss of functional diversity with the reduction of interspecific variability of characteristics and increase of functional convergence. However, there are few studies on the impacts of these anthropogenic disturbances on the functional diversity of the Caatinga plant communities, which is the main objective of this work. The study was carried out in farms located in the municipality of Angicos/RN, in areas previously identified under different degrees of grazing and deforestation. In each area the tree / shrub and herbaceous species were sampled. In the tree and shrub plants, the following functional traits were measured: height, total and specific leaf area, thickness, leaf resistance, as well as leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The individuals / species sampled were also classified according to the presence of spines, pollination and dispersion. In the herbaceous plants the height, leaf area and height were measured for clonality, shape of growth and life-form. Changes in functional composition were assessed through communities' CWM (community weighted mean) of traits and functional diversity was quantified using the Rao quadratic entropy index and the results obtained were compared to null models to detect if there are convergence or functional divergence patterns. The results showed low tree and herbaceous species richness and a positive correlation with functional diversity. In the tree community, high grazing in the non-deforestation fragment favored plants with large, resistant leaves, greater specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen while it was registered an abundance of small shrubs under intermediate grazing and higher proportion of thorns under high grazing due to dominance of Mimosa tenuiflora species. On the other hand, the increase of grazing causes functional convergence of the species through environmental filtering whereas under low grazing the traits tend to be divergent, indicating greater interspecific competition and limiting similarity. The herbaceous community presented reductions in leaf area and height with the increase of the grazing. terophyte and non-clonal species are generally predominant, with an increase in the frequency of stoloniferous grasses in fragments without deforestation with high grazing intensity. The functional diversity of the herbaceous species showed a decrease in the non-deforested fragment with low grazing and indicated a divergence of the functional traits in the non-deforested sites. These results point to different effects of environmental filters on the functional diversity of arboreal and herbaceous species |
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Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileiraCaprinoculturaFiltragem ambientalFlorestas secasCaatingaTraços funcionaisgoat breedingdeforestationdry forestsCaatingafunctional traitsCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOTECNOLOGIALivestock associated with deforestation for conversions of extensive areas into pasture are factors that cause large impacts to soil degradation and reductions in native vegetation of global ecosystems. In addition to changes in species diversity, the overgrazing can cause loss of functional diversity with the reduction of interspecific variability of characteristics and increase of functional convergence. However, there are few studies on the impacts of these anthropogenic disturbances on the functional diversity of the Caatinga plant communities, which is the main objective of this work. The study was carried out in farms located in the municipality of Angicos/RN, in areas previously identified under different degrees of grazing and deforestation. In each area the tree / shrub and herbaceous species were sampled. In the tree and shrub plants, the following functional traits were measured: height, total and specific leaf area, thickness, leaf resistance, as well as leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The individuals / species sampled were also classified according to the presence of spines, pollination and dispersion. In the herbaceous plants the height, leaf area and height were measured for clonality, shape of growth and life-form. Changes in functional composition were assessed through communities' CWM (community weighted mean) of traits and functional diversity was quantified using the Rao quadratic entropy index and the results obtained were compared to null models to detect if there are convergence or functional divergence patterns. The results showed low tree and herbaceous species richness and a positive correlation with functional diversity. In the tree community, high grazing in the non-deforestation fragment favored plants with large, resistant leaves, greater specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen while it was registered an abundance of small shrubs under intermediate grazing and higher proportion of thorns under high grazing due to dominance of Mimosa tenuiflora species. On the other hand, the increase of grazing causes functional convergence of the species through environmental filtering whereas under low grazing the traits tend to be divergent, indicating greater interspecific competition and limiting similarity. The herbaceous community presented reductions in leaf area and height with the increase of the grazing. terophyte and non-clonal species are generally predominant, with an increase in the frequency of stoloniferous grasses in fragments without deforestation with high grazing intensity. The functional diversity of the herbaceous species showed a decrease in the non-deforested fragment with low grazing and indicated a divergence of the functional traits in the non-deforested sites. These results point to different effects of environmental filters on the functional diversity of arboreal and herbaceous speciesA pecuária associada ao desmatamento para conversões de extensas áreas em pastagens são fatores causadores de grandes impactos para degradação do solo e reduções da vegetação nativa de ecossistemas globais. Além de alterações na diversidade de espécies, o sobrepastejo pode provocar a perda de diversidade funcional com a redução da variabilidade interespecífica das características e aumento da convergência funcional. Entretanto, são poucos estudos sobre os impactos dessas perturbações antrópicas na diversidade funcional das comunidades vegetais da Caatinga, o que vem a ser o objetivo principal desse trabalho. O estudo se desenvolveu em fazendas localizadas no município de Angicos/RN, em áreas previamente identificadas com diferentes graus de pastejo e desmatamento. Em cada área foram amostradas as espécies arbóreas/arbustivas e herbáceas. Nas plantas arbóreas e arbustos foram medidos os seguintes traços funcionais: altura, área foliar total e específica, espessura, resistência, bem como concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo foliares. Os indivíduos/espécies amostrados também foram classificados quanto à presença de espinhos, polinização e dispersão. Nas herbáceas foi medida a altura, área foliar e estas foram classificadas quanto à clonalidade, a forma de crescimento e a forma de vida. Mudanças na composição funcional foram avaliadas através do CWM (do inglês, community weighted mean) dos traços e a diversidade funcional foi quantificada utilizando o índice de entropia quadrática de Rao, sendo os resultados observados comparados aos modelos nulos para detectar se existem padrões de convergência ou divergência funcional. Os resultados mostraram baixa riqueza de espécies arbóreas e herbáceas e correlação positiva com a diversidade funcional. Na comunidade arbórea o pastejo alto no fragmento sem desmatamento favoreceu plantas com folhas grandes, resistentes, maior área foliar específica, e nitrogênio foliar. Também foi registrada abundância de arbustos de pequeno porte sob o pastejo intermediário e maior proporção de espinhos sob o pastejo alto devido a dominância da espécie Mimosa tenuiflora. De modo geral, o aumento do pastejo causa a convergência funcional das espécies arbóreas/arbustivas através da filtragem ambiental e com o pastejo baixo os traços tendem a ser divergentes indicando maior competição interespecífica e atuação do processo de similaridade limitante. A comunidade herbácea apresentou redução na área foliar e altura com o aumento do pastejo. Espécies terófitas e não clonais, no geral, são predominantes, com aumento na frequência de gramíneas estoloníferas nos fragmentos sem desmatamento com alta intensidade de pastejo. A diversidade funcional das herbáceas mostrou diminuição no fragmento não desmatado com pastejo baixo e indicou divergência dos traços funcionais nos locais não desmatados. Esses resultados apontam para efeitos diferentes dos filtros ambientais sobre a diversidade funcional das espécies arbóreas e herbáceasCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-ÁridoBrasilCentro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBSUFERSAPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e ConservaçãoSfair, Júlia Caram21851939859http://lattes.cnpq.br/6943116218766152Baldauf, Cristina93629532004http://lattes.cnpq.br/0749028891178457Souza, Diego Nathan do Nascimento04649383412http://lattes.cnpq.br/5514803741124706Fernandes, Rodrigo03348914930http://lattes.cnpq.br/9738639194108996Baptista Novo, Marco jacinto Katzenberbger85924997049http://lattes.cnpq.br/2293441687192282Lima, Raquel Bruna Chaves de2020-08-03T13:45:05Z2019-08-072020-08-03T13:45:05Z2018-02-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfCitação com autor incluído no texto: Lima (2018) Citação com autor não incluído no texto: (LIMA, 2018)https://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/handle/prefix/5188porLIMA, Raquel Bruna Chaves de. Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira. 2018. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, 2018.CC-BY-SAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU)instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA)instacron:UFERSA2023-12-07T21:32:59Zoai:repositorio.ufersa.edu.br:prefix/5188Repositório Institucionalhttps://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/PUBhttps://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/server/oai/requestrepositorio@ufersa.edu.br || admrepositorio@ufersa.edu.bropendoar:2023-12-07T21:32:59Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU) - Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
title |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
spellingShingle |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira Lima, Raquel Bruna Chaves de Caprinocultura Filtragem ambiental Florestas secas Caatinga Traços funcionais goat breeding deforestation dry forests Caatinga functional traits CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOTECNOLOGIA |
title_short |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
title_full |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
title_fullStr |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
title_full_unstemmed |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
title_sort |
Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira |
author |
Lima, Raquel Bruna Chaves de |
author_facet |
Lima, Raquel Bruna Chaves de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sfair, Júlia Caram 21851939859 http://lattes.cnpq.br/6943116218766152 Baldauf, Cristina 93629532004 http://lattes.cnpq.br/0749028891178457 Souza, Diego Nathan do Nascimento 04649383412 http://lattes.cnpq.br/5514803741124706 Fernandes, Rodrigo 03348914930 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9738639194108996 Baptista Novo, Marco jacinto Katzenberbger 85924997049 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2293441687192282 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lima, Raquel Bruna Chaves de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Caprinocultura Filtragem ambiental Florestas secas Caatinga Traços funcionais goat breeding deforestation dry forests Caatinga functional traits CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOTECNOLOGIA |
topic |
Caprinocultura Filtragem ambiental Florestas secas Caatinga Traços funcionais goat breeding deforestation dry forests Caatinga functional traits CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOTECNOLOGIA |
description |
Livestock associated with deforestation for conversions of extensive areas into pasture are factors that cause large impacts to soil degradation and reductions in native vegetation of global ecosystems. In addition to changes in species diversity, the overgrazing can cause loss of functional diversity with the reduction of interspecific variability of characteristics and increase of functional convergence. However, there are few studies on the impacts of these anthropogenic disturbances on the functional diversity of the Caatinga plant communities, which is the main objective of this work. The study was carried out in farms located in the municipality of Angicos/RN, in areas previously identified under different degrees of grazing and deforestation. In each area the tree / shrub and herbaceous species were sampled. In the tree and shrub plants, the following functional traits were measured: height, total and specific leaf area, thickness, leaf resistance, as well as leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The individuals / species sampled were also classified according to the presence of spines, pollination and dispersion. In the herbaceous plants the height, leaf area and height were measured for clonality, shape of growth and life-form. Changes in functional composition were assessed through communities' CWM (community weighted mean) of traits and functional diversity was quantified using the Rao quadratic entropy index and the results obtained were compared to null models to detect if there are convergence or functional divergence patterns. The results showed low tree and herbaceous species richness and a positive correlation with functional diversity. In the tree community, high grazing in the non-deforestation fragment favored plants with large, resistant leaves, greater specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen while it was registered an abundance of small shrubs under intermediate grazing and higher proportion of thorns under high grazing due to dominance of Mimosa tenuiflora species. On the other hand, the increase of grazing causes functional convergence of the species through environmental filtering whereas under low grazing the traits tend to be divergent, indicating greater interspecific competition and limiting similarity. The herbaceous community presented reductions in leaf area and height with the increase of the grazing. terophyte and non-clonal species are generally predominant, with an increase in the frequency of stoloniferous grasses in fragments without deforestation with high grazing intensity. The functional diversity of the herbaceous species showed a decrease in the non-deforested fragment with low grazing and indicated a divergence of the functional traits in the non-deforested sites. These results point to different effects of environmental filters on the functional diversity of arboreal and herbaceous species |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-02-27 2019-08-07 2020-08-03T13:45:05Z 2020-08-03T13:45:05Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
Citação com autor incluído no texto: Lima (2018) Citação com autor não incluído no texto: (LIMA, 2018) https://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/handle/prefix/5188 |
identifier_str_mv |
Citação com autor incluído no texto: Lima (2018) Citação com autor não incluído no texto: (LIMA, 2018) |
url |
https://repositorio.ufersa.edu.br/handle/prefix/5188 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
LIMA, Raquel Bruna Chaves de. Efeitos do pastejo e desmatamento sobre a diversidade funcional de comunidades vegetais na região semiárida brasileira. 2018. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Conservação), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, 2018. |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
CC-BY-SA info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
CC-BY-SA |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Brasil Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBS UFERSA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Brasil Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - CCBS UFERSA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU) instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) instacron:UFERSA |
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Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) |
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Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU) |
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Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU) |
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Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (RDU) - Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) |
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repositorio@ufersa.edu.br || admrepositorio@ufersa.edu.br |
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