Estudo de óleos essenciais extraídos de plantas medicinais, no controle do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causador da doença antracnose no mamão

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Wilson Soares
• Data de Publicação: 2005
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4382
• topic: Disease fungal; Alternative control; Medicinal plants; Essential oil; Monoterpene; Enviromment crop; Doenças fúngicas; Controle alternativo; Monoterpeno; Ambiente de cultivo; Agronomia; Plantas medicinais; Fungos na agricultura; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Mamão; Frutas - Doenças e pragas; Essências e óleos essenciais; 57

Brazil is the world’s greatest papaya producer, being Espírito Santo the second producer of Brazil, first in productivity and the greatest exporting. The papaya’s cultivation does matter to social and economic areas, for create jobs, fixing the man in the country, for stimulate many properties economically besides to produce wealthy to country. The papaya’s disease brings economic lost, either with fall of productivity or either with the acceptation of the product for the consuming market. Among the principals diseases after-harvest stands out the anthracnose, caused for fungus. Considering the problem of wastes from chemical control in the fruits, becomes important the inquiry of alternative methods of control, with attention to those that do not cause ambient impact and do not harm the consumers’ healthy. Studies are being carrying out with the medicinal plants in the alternative agriculture. In this work fourspecies of medicinal plants had been considered: Lippia Alba(erva-cidreira), Cymbopogon citratus(capim-limão), Cymbopogon nardus(capim-citronela) e Aloysia triphylla(cidrão). These plants were cultivated in two different enviromment, one of them withfertilization and others care’s cultivation, while the other in which plants were cultivation naturally, without human intervention. It was extracted, through distillation of drags of vapor, the essential oils from leafs of these plants, in different months. Through of chromatography gas technique that identified the main chemical components of these oils essential. The plants L. alba, C. citratuse A. triphyllahad presented the monoterpene citral as the principal component of them essential oils, while the C. narduspresented as the principal component of its essential oil, the monoterpene citronelal. To assessment of fungicidal activity from essentials oils of these plants, were realized tests in vitro of inhibition of mycelia growth and the germination of conidia. All the extracted essential oils of these plants in study, demonstrated fungicidal potential, because they had inhibited efficiently the mycelia growth and the germination of conidia from fungi. Among the months where the extractions had been made stands out the month of June, for have been the month in which all the plants had supplied to greater amounts of essentials oils. The fertilization and others cares’ cultivation did not increase the production of oils, the comparative production when the plants were cultivated naturally. Among the four plants studied, a C. nardus, presented a percentile greater in the essential oil production in every month that it was collected, being therefore indicated to be cultivated objectifying these essential oils for the control of anthracnose