Fatores de risco cardiovascular em vegetarianos e não vegetarianos na linha de base do ELSA-Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Tiago Machado de
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10095
• topic: Vegetarianism; Red meat; Insulin resistance; Carne vermelha; Saúde Coletiva; Dieta; Vegetarianismo; Avaliação de riscos de saúde; Sistema cardiovascular - Doenças; Carne; Resistência à insulina; 614

The results of this work is structured in two manuscripts. The first aims to identify the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and diet of vegetarians and nonvegetarians individuals. The second, discusses the relationship between red meat (RM) consumption and insulin resistance (IR). There is evidence of the protective effect of vegetarian diet on health, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, but the number of studies in Brazil that addresses this issue is small. For the realization of this work, baseline on a Longitudinal Study from the Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010) was used, a cohort composed of 15.105 servers alocated in six public institution of education and research, at the age of 35 to 74 years old. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, nutritional and dietary pattern were obtained through standardized tests and validated questionnaires. In the first manuscript were identified 378 individuals, 57 vegetarians (VEG), 42 pescovegetarianos (PV), 51 semi-vegetarians (SV), and 114 omnivorous, divided into low consumption (BC) and high consumption (AC) of red meat (RM). To obtain the groups of BC and AC was held pairing with the VEG group and considered the following parameters: gender, age, level of education and nutritional status. VEG for each participant was allocated an omnivorous individuals in the low-consumption group and the high consumption of red meat group. For the analysis were used chisquare and ANOVA one way. Blood pressure values Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were not different between groups analyzed. Therefore, differences in parameters studied were not observed, which may be involved largely by the age of the population, the intention of adopting the vegetarian diet and time. In the second manuscript of 11.901 participants were analyzed after exclusion of individuals who were using medications for glycemic control, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular event history. Researchers have shown that there is a positive association between moderate and high consumption of red meat and insulin resistance (IR) in both sexes, regardless of body mass index (BMI). Food consumption was obtained by a frequency questionnaire and the values adjusted by the residual energy method. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, biochemical 6 and hemodynamic variables were analyzed and performed linear and logistic regression to assess the relationship between consumption of CV and white meat (CB) and RI. HOMA-IR index (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) was used for the diagnosis of RI. Individuals with HOMA-IR index ≥p75 had higher BMI and age, as well as higher glucose and insulin concentrations. Lower consumption of RM was significantly associated with lower HOMA-IR. After adjusting for various confounders, HOMA-IR remained significantly higher among individuals of intermediate consumption and high RM consumption. When added to BMI linear model, this difference disappeared. In logistic regression, independent of BMI, IR was associated with high consumption of RM only in men. We conclude that moderate and high consumption of RM is associated with insulin resistance in men but not in women.