"Estudo de agregação em asfaltenos por ressonância magnética nuclear de alto campo"

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Emanuele Catarina da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6742
• topic: Asphaltene; Aggregation; NMR; DOSY; Asfalteno; Agregação; RMN; DOSY; Química; Petróleo; Espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear; Catalisadores do grupo da platina; Difusão; 54

Heavy crude oils have attracted a growing interest from oil industries around the world. In this scenario, asphaltenes, which are molecules known for their low reactivity and high molecular weight, have received special attention in recent decades, due to the problems they cause during oil processing. In an effort to minimize these problems, researchers have increasingly looked for a better understanding of aspects such as molecular structure, stability and physicochemical properties of asphaltenes, as well as for the development of methods to prevent their unwanted precipitation. In recent decades, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely used as a tool for the study of petroleum and its derivatives. The analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra allows the direct determination of a series of structural parameters such as the fractions of aromatic carbons and of carbon atoms in alkyl chains. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), which is based on the results of pulsed-field gradient (PFG) experiments, is a new developed NMR technique highly useful for the elucidation of complex mixtures. This work sought to identify the differences in average molecular parameters of asphaltenes from national crudes and to correlate them with the physicochemical properties of the asphaltene and of the original crude. The aim was also to investigate and to compare the asphaltenes among themselves, using data such as diffusion coefficient, concentration of these compounds in the oil and state of aggregation. Extraction and quantification of the amount of asphaltenes were performed using ASTM D6560-00 standard and the characterization of the asphaltenes was performed using the following analytical techniques: elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, mass spectrometry, high-resolution 1H and 13C NMR and DOSY. Significant changes were observed in almost all studied parameters. To study the asphaltene aggregation behavior using DOSY, the asphaltenes were diluted in various concentrations of deuterated toluene and the DOSY spectra were correlated with their respective states of aggregation. The diffusion properties were highly dependent on the concentration and type of oil from which the asphaltene was extracted