A representação do espaço na Odisseia: definindo isotopias, heterotopias e utopias na Grécia antiga (séculos X-VIII a.C)

• Autor(a) principal: Gabrecht, Ana Penha
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3171
• topic: Odyssey; Homer; Space; Odyssée; Homère; Espace; Odisseia; Homero; Espaço; Letras; Identidade; Alteridade; Grécia - Civilização - Até 146 A.C.; 82

The Ancient Iron Age (12th -8th b. C.), in continental Greece, was a moment in which communities were transitioning from a process of isolation. After the destruction of the Mycenaean palaces – a series of simultaneous events that took place around the turn from the 13th to the 12th century b. C. – the Greek world plunged into a period that lasted about four centuries – between the 11th and the 8th centuries b. C. – in which an accentuated reduction of material production and of demographical development was felt. At the same time, the disappearance of written documentation hampers the understanding of what happened during those centuries. A researcher interested in that period of Greek History is able to use, besides the analysis of elements of material culture, the two epic poems traditionally assigned to Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Orally transmitted through a long chain of rhapsodes and fixed in writing around the 7th or 6th century b. C., they transmit important information about the societies that lived in Greece at different moments in time. While we are aware that the works attributed to Homer are poetic texts, we believe that Literature can be an important instrument to historians, if we consider that literary genres are closely related to the historic conditions that produced them. Therefore, in this research, we decided to use the Odyssey as source of analysis, because it is considered to have been composed later than the Iliad, and, consequently, more representative of the final phase of the Ancient Iron Age. We will refer, especially, to the process of formation of new Greek settlements outside of continental Greece, mainly in the Italic Peninsula, which represented, in our opinion, a reconfiguration in how space is understood. We believe that, based on excerpts of the Odyssey, it is possible to understand the process of formation of identities and alterities in the Greek world, especially during the 7th century b. C., the period in which we concentrate our studies, because that was a moment of radical transformation for the Greeks. In this reseach, we associated the spaces described by Homer, to the concepts of isotopia, utopia, and heterotopia as developed in Henri Lefebvre’s theoretical table, in order to capture how one could define a Greek identity. Keywords: Odyssey. Homer. Space.