Pesca camaroneira e conhecimento ecológico local dos pescadores artesanais de camarão na costa central do Brasil : implicações conservacionistas

• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Joelson Musiello
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10664
• topic: Oceanografia socioambiental; Etnooceanografia; Atitudes conservacionistas; Manejo pesqueiro; Defeso do camarão; Sete-barbas; Etnooceanography; Attitudes towards conservation; Fishing management; Artisanal fishing; Shrimp closed period; Ciências Ambientais; 55

The Atlantic seabob fishery is an important and old fishing activity in Brazil, participating in the socioeconomic and cultural context of many fishing communities. Atlantic seabob is a resource with information on biology and ecology available in the literature, and fisheries management measures consider only this information. However, studies aiming at exploring the human dimension are still absent in the literature. On the other hand, for fishery management measures to be effective it is necessary to include fishermen in the management process. In this sense, this PhD thesis was developed to studying, for the first time, the following aspects: social and labor profiles of Atlantic seabob fishery, local ecological knowledge, attitudes towards shrimp conservation, relation to the main management measure (closure), the economic dynamics of the activity and the decision process for choosing the fishery. For this, ethnographic methods were used in four fishing villages in the central region of Brazil. The regions studied in the state of Bahia were Santa Cruz Cabrália and Barra de Caravelas; while in Espirito Santo state they were Barra Nova and Anchieta in the north and south, respectively. In total, 80 fishermen were interviewed, of which were 36 fishermen are resident in Caravelas, 18 in Anchieta, 14 in Barra Nova and 12 in Santa Cruz Cabrália. The results show that fishermen who work in the shrimp fishery are male, aged from 20 to 73 years old and have low schooling. Fishermen have lived in the regions for more than 22 years (on average), have learned to fish with relatives and intend to continue fishing. The fishing activity is carried out by small vessels (maximum 9.5 meters long), performed alone (eg: Anchieta and Santa Cruz Cabrália), with 2 crew (Barra de Caravelas) or 3 crew (Barra Nova). During the activity, fishermen make between 2-3 drags, with the exception of Santa Cruz Cabrália (4-6 drags). In the post-capture process, the processing is carried out in the family scope; the shrimp is primarily marketed to middlemen, with the exception of Santa Cruz Cabrália, where it is carried out for community. In relation to CEL indexes and conservationist attitudes, this study verified that the mean LEK index was 0.51 (± 0.04), being classified as moderate. Communities of Barra de Caravelas and Barra Nova had the highest rates. The average rate of attitudes was 0.65. In the communities of Barra de Caravelas and Barra Nova, the average index was considered high, while in the other regions they were moderate. In relation to the perception of the 'closure', fishermen are against the current period of closure of shrimp fishing, since they affirm that it is not the period of reproduction of shrimp in the two regions: Santa Cruz de Cabrália (75%; n = 09 ), Barra de Caravelas (26%, n = 09), Barra Nova (93%, n=13) and Anchieta (72% n=13). Even in the period when shrimp fishing is prohibited, some fishermen capture the resource and violate the current legislation in Anchieta - (56%; n = 10) and Barra de Caravelas (not respected = 09%; n=03 not responded = 11%, n=04), whereas in the regions of Santa Cruz de Cabrália and Barra Nova fishermen respect the current period of closure. This demonstrates the need to understand the local perception on this topic and to include the fishermen in the management decisions and public measures involving shrimp fishing.