Determinantes de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em escolares da rede pública de ensino do município de Vitória-ES

• Autor(a) principal: Corrêa, Márcia Mara
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (riUfes)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5411
• topic: Adolescents; Nutritional habits; Physical activity; Cardiovascular disease risk factors; Prevention; Doenças cardiovasculares - Prevenção e controle; Fatores de risco cardiovascular; Adolescentes; Hábitos alimentares; Atividade física; Saúde Coletiva; 614

This study aims at investigating the biological and behavioral factors that affect cardiovascular health in adolescents. Biological (poor nutritional health, changes in both blood pressure and plasmatic lipoprotein and lipid levels and behavioral (lack of physical activity and diet) risk factors were analyzed in a sample of 380 public school students (177 male, 203 female), aged between 10-14, in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo. 84,5% of the students were either lower middle class or poor. Sexual maturation was present in 38, 42% of male students and 45,81% of female students. 9,21% were underweight and 13,94% were either overweight or obese, while 76,84% had a healthy weight. It was observed that the increase in the body mass index coincides with aging and puberty development accounts for gains in lean and fat mass, with female students presenting higher fat mass than their male counterparts (19,38% and 13,01 respectively). There were no gender-associated blood pressure changes (14,7% of the boys and in 15,8% of the girls). The serum lipid and lipoprotein results revealed that 50% of the students presented undesirable levels of serum cholesterol, while 26% and 15% showed inadequate LDL-c and triglyceride levels, respectively. A worrisome finding is that 51, 82% of students presented low levels of HDL-c, a protective factor against cardiovascular disease. A positive association was found between overweight and low HDL-c for females and undesirable levels of HDL-c for females; however, no correlation was found between being overweight and hypercholesterolemia. The female adolescents were more sedentary than the male, and the larger amount of time girls devoted to watching TV could account for this difference. As for nutritional behavior, boys showed a higher calorie intake than girls. Only 10% of the girls failed to meet the recommended levels of protein intake, while 75% of all students showed an overconsumption of carbohydrates and fat. Risks associated with behavior and behavioral gender-specific risks seem to more frequent than those related to biological factors. When biological risk factors were evaluated, it was observed that 10, 3% of the boys and 14,3% of the girls presented four or more associated risk factors; however, in 50,3% of boys and 40,4% of girls these factors were concomitant with four or more behavioral risk factors. When behavioral risk factors and biological risk factors were added, we found that 50% of the female students and 60% of the male have five or more potential risk factors for cardiovascular health. This study shows that behavioral risk factors largely contribute to the development of biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease; it also points to the need of furthering preventive measures amongst the young.