Caracterização integral de frutos tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) do cerrado de Goiás, Brasil e aplicação em produtos drageados

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Karen Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/0013000002hcr
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9124
• topic: Artemia salina; Cascas de tamarindo; Calorimetria; Dureza; Fatores antinutricionais; Sementes de tamarindo; Antinutritional factors; Calorimetry; Hardness; Tamarind shells; CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS

Brazil is a country with different biomes and great diversity of little explored vegetal species, and the Cerrado biome is known for the wealth of resources and flora. Among the fruit trees in the Cerrado, the tamarind tree stands out. Its fruit has excellent nutritional properties, but researches involving all the fruit's uses are still insignificant. The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate tamarind pulp, shell and seeds (Tamarindus indica L.), to develop salted dragees using the flours of the by-products shell and seeds, besides evaluating the nutritional and sensorial quality of the dragees produced. The fruits were collected in Rio Verde and Ceres, Goiás, Brazil, and divided into pulp, shell and seeds. Physical, chemical, nutritional, calorimetry and antioxidant and antinutritional analyzes were performed. The results of this study indicated that the collected fruits obtained a higher proportion of pulp in relation to the residual parts, presented high carbohydrate content and low water activity for the three portions (pulp, peels and seeds) and lower values of ash, lipids and proteins. The shell and seed flours presented high content of total dietary fiber and pulp of the fruit had acid pH and high titratable acidity. The seed flour had a water absorption and solubility index greater than the shell flour, and a lower oil absorption index. The tamarind pulp presented 4 peaks in its thermogram (from 35 to 155 °C), and the tamarind shell and seed flours presented pulp-like behavior after 115 °C with 2 endothermic peaks. All the analyzed fruit portions had high antioxidant capacity, not significantly different from each other. The methanolic extract was more efficient in the extraction of the phenolic compounds of the three portions of tamarind, being the highest content found in the seeds. The tamarind shell showed low toxicity to Artemia salina and the seeds and pulp presented no toxicity. For the antinutritional factors, the tamarind pulp showed the highest nitrate content and absence of trypsin inhibitor. The tamarind seeds presented the highest amount of tannins. For the elaboration of the salted dragee with application of flours of by-products of tamarind was used the design of mixture with six formulations of dragees, where the closest to the commercial in relation to hardness was selected for the sensory and proximal analyzes. The dragee selected had lower instrumental hardness than commercial dragee and low water activity, high lipid, protein and energy value. The addition of flours of tamarind by-products influenced the fiber content, which was higher than in the commercial dragee. The dragee selected was well accepted, with the exception of the appearance attribute and, according to the tasters, would probably buy the new product.