Fatores associados a lesões por acidentes de trânsito em jovens condutores em capitais selecionadas do Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Yamamoto, Rogers Kazuo Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/0013000009g1t
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12800
• topic: Jovem condutor; Acidente de trânsito; Fatores de risco; Epidemiologia; Saúde pública; Young driver; Traffic injury; Risk factors; Epidemiology; Public health; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA::SAUDE PUBLICA

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traffic accidents are among the leading causes of death and early disability in the world. In some countries they are the leading cause of death of young adult individuals, and in most of these countries, they have a high cost of hospitalizations and productive losses, as is the case in Brazil. Nevertheless, the existence of few analytical studies and disaggregated by standardized age group aimed at estimating injuries caused by TA, especially in young drivers, justify the importance of this study. Objectives: estimate the prevalence of Traffic Accidents Injury (TAI) and traffic safety indicators among young drivers as well as to evaluate the factors associated with traffic accidents in this age group living in 14 Brazilian capitals (Belo Horizonte, Boa Vista, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Goiânia, Macapá, Palmas, Salvador, São Luís, São Paulo, Teresina and Vitória). Methodology: Data collection was performed through a standardized questionnaire applied in the form of face-to-face interviews in two places: at the points of agglomerations (AP) of people in the cities surveyed and in points of surveillance of sobriety or Traffic Blitz (SP), from March to December 2019. A total of 1,880 young drivers living in the capitals included in the study at the agglomeration points and 2,074 young drivers in the blitzes were approached. The Rake method was used to weight the data. The statistical analysis consisted of bivariate analysis for the selection of potentially associated variables and multivariate logistic regression to adjust the model and define the main factors associated with injuries in young drivers, remaining in this model only variables whose Prevalence Ratio (PR) remained significant (p-value < 0.05) after adjustment of confounding factors for both data collection points (agglomeration and blitzes). Results: At the agglomeration points, about 25.07% of the drivers declared that they did not have a driver's license (CNH); 11.94% reported a history of involvement in accidents in the last 12 months and 13.42% reported having taken illicit drugs in the last 30 days. In relation to the individuals approached in the context of police surveillance, a lower proportion of drivers who declared not a national driver's license (CNH) was observed 3.91%; reported a history of involvement in accidents in the last 12 months (7.81%) and illicit drug use in the last 30 days (3.97%) as well as greater support for the use of personal protective equipment (seat belts and helmets). In the evaluation of factors associated with the prevalence of accidents with injuries, the logistic regression model showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) for the following variables: incomplete mean level of education (PRadj 1.48 ; IC95% 1.02 - 2.17 for motorcyclists; and PRadj 2.18 ; IC95% 1.08- 4.40 for other drivers), motorcycle driving (PRadj 2.68 ; CI95% 1.9 - 3.74 (AP) and PRadj 6.12; CI95% 2.47 - 15.21 (SP), direction after use of psychotropic substances (PRadj 1.69 ; IC95% 1.218 - 2.342 for Beverages and PRadj 1.65; CI95% 1.08 - 2.53 for Drugs); and driving at speed above the limit established on regulated roads of 50 km/h (PRadj 1.95; IC95% 1.15 - 3.32). Conclusion: results obtained allowed estimating the prevalence of the main traffic safety indicators and the main associated factors in young drivers. The supervision exercised by traffic agencies has the potential to contribute to the decrease in the prevalence of the reporting of risk conduct associated with traffic accident injuries in young drivers and induces the use of personal protective equipment by them. The capitals of the North, Northeast and Midwest region presented higher prevalence of the history of accidents with injuries among young drivers interviewed. Finally, the need to implement public policies and interventions focused on the associated factors identified in the study with emphasis on motorcycle drivers is highlighted.