Agricultura e meio ambiente: uma análise da qualidade hídrica do Rio Canastra e das políticas públicas voltadas ao recurso no município de Itapuranga - GO

• Autor(a) principal: Valverde, Marcos Cesar Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/00130000072rq
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4908
• topic: Recursos hídricos; Agricultura; Política pública; Poluição; Water resources; Agriculture; Public policy; Pollution; CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICAS PUBLICAS

Mankind has a big challenge to overcome the scarcity of water. In this context, Brazil has a huge natural heritage, which concentrates a large amount of fresh water in its territory.However, this apparent abundance is distributed unevenly throughout Brazil, being mainly concentrated in the northern region which has less population density. Brazil as a major producer of agricultural products should be concerned with the practices used in the collection and disposal of water, since this economic activity consumes about 70% of all water consumed by man. Besides its use in the rural labor activity, surface waters are sources of urban water supply in thousands of Brazilian municipalities. The river is the main Canastra water resources of the municipality of Itapuranga-GO, its waters being used in rural production and supply of urban population. The resource has been degraded over the years, being perceived by the population of the municipality the fall of its quality year after year. The research identified a common sense of people that the river was highly polluted, and that, according to this, those responsible for this pollution were the pesticide and the municipal dump. An analysis of the physico-chemical use, and collected samples at six different points. The analysis indicated that, under the parameters studied, the water is classified as Class II Freshwater. We applied three different questionnaires, the first aimed at directors, municipal secretaries, teachers and presidents of associations. The second targeted farmers bordering the third appeal to farmers and the municipality of Itapuranga. All questionnaires sought to identify the perceptions of respondents about the quality of the resource and its potential polluters, and identify public policies for maintaining and restoring water quality of the resource. It being common, the perceived loss of water quality and lack of specific policies. We analyzed all municipal legislation dedicated to the environment and especially water resources, and also investigated the history of public policies developed in the city. Found in research that policy initiatives always part of the organized civil society, municipal government exercising the role. The survey showed that the municipal legislation provides the legal text in your programs that seek to implement policies, which must be fulfilled immediately, and the rules of budgetary transfers to the local environmental agency. The incursions of the river a reality stripped of violation of environmental legislation that endangers the continuity and quality of the resource. It was found that the income of farmers is borderline average to maintain their basic needs, and the administration to create conditions that promote the preservation act without risk to their food security. The research concluded that the foundations for the implementation of public policies aimed at maintaining the quality of the river are ready, the government simply put into practice what is already defined by law.