Atividade larvicida de Anacardium Occidentale como alternativa de controle para Aedes aegypti e sua toxicidade em animais de laboratório

• Autor(a) principal: Guissoni, Ana Carla Peixoto
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7527
• topic: Aedes aegypti; Dengue; Anacardium occidentale; Aedes aegypti; Dengue; Anacardium occidentale; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::PARASITOLOGIA

Feeding mosquitoes and disease vectors have been considered a major threat to global public health. The mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) is the main vector of the four serotypes of dengue and urban yellow fever. Dengues is a viral human disease that is gradually becoming endemic in Central America and several South American countries. Nowadays, there is no specific antiviral drug for treatment and no vaccine available for prevention. The only available measure to interrupt transmission is vector control, which is done when potential breeding are eliminated with larvicides application in water recipients, and, in case of adult vectors, with insecticides dispersion though the air. However, the increasing resistance of populations of Ae. aegypti to current insecticides has made effective control hard to achieve. Besides, other serious problems have arisen because of their continued use, such as environmental and human toxicity, which, consequently, have encouraged the development of alternative mosquito control methods, less aggressive to humans and other living beings. Thus, compounds derived from plants have been considered good choice to be used as effective tools in controlling the vector, also as environmentally safe agents. After collecting and heating Anacardium occidentale L. fruits 40 ° C, the liquid obtained was tested to confirm its larvicidal activity. Then, it was fractionated by silica gel column. The fractionation resulted in eight fractions, which were coded as AO1 to AO8. In this paper, the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and its fractions were evaluated for their biological activity in third instars’ larvae of Ae. aegypti. The residual effect of CNSL and its toxicity in laboratory animals (Rattus novergicos) were evaluated. Considering the CNSL, LC50 and LC90 of 6.55 and 10.98 ppm, respectively, were found in the laboratory. The active fractions, AO2 and AO3, presented LC50 and LC90 of 3.18 and of 7.80 ppm, and 3.57 and 10.47 ppm, respectively. The CNSL had residual effects until the 6th day and was shown to be nontoxic after oral subacute treatment in rats.