Ação de produtos químico in vitro, em mudas e em campo sobre a mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas perforans e X. gardneri) em tomate para processamento industrial

• Autor(a) principal: NASCIMENTO, Abadia dos Reis
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/457
• topic: controle químico; produtos indutores de resistência; produtos de contato; 1.Tomate - Doenças e Pragas; 2.Mancha Bacteriana - Doenças; 3.Mancha Bacteriana - Controle Químico; 4.Xanthomonas perforans; 5.X. gardneri; Chemical control; resistance inducer products; contact products; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

The search of alternative products for tomato bacterial spot has been promoting by the lack of effectiveness registered by the traditional products available. The objective of this work was to evaluate a range of chemical products by in vitro tests, in experiments seedlings and field experiments. The products studied were: acibenzolar-S-methyl; benzalkonium chloride; phosphite; copper hydroxide, copper oxicloreto; metiram + pyraclostrobin and famoxadone + mancozebe. The in vitro tests were carried out at Embrapa Hortaliça, Brasília-DF, in July of 2007. The bactericide action was evaluated on Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri. The trial was in a complete randomized block design with four replications and plot was constituted by a Petri plate impregnated with solidified bacterial suspension. The halo of inhibition formed was evaluated. The experiments with seedlings were carried out with the hybrid Heinz 9553 at the commercial nursery VIVATI in Rio Verde, Goiás, in August to September and November to December of 2008. There were three trials in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The products were sprayed by using CO2 portable sprayer. The inoculation occurred 29 days after sowing, with an isolated of X. gardneri. Disease severity was evaluated on 15 leaflets per plot at 14 and 16 days after inoculation of the first and second experiment, respectively. Data was expressed as percentage of leaf affected by program Quant. It was also suggested a possible interaction between the regulator of growth paclobutrazol and the behavior of certain products in the reduction of the severity of the disease. Two field trials were carried out at the experimental farm of Unilever Bestfoods, in Goiânia-GO, from February to June of 2007 and April to August of 2008. The first was with the hybrid Heinz 9992 in a complete randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replications, and inoculated with X. perforans. The second was in a split plot completely randobized block design with three replications. Variety (Hypeel 108 and U2006) was ascertained for factor A and the 10 treatments for factor B. Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri were inoculated in different moments. In both trials foliage severity, number of fruits with symptoms and yield were evaluated. In the second trial fruits with sun scald was also taken. In the in vitro test, the products to which X. perforans and X. gardneri were sensitive in the recommended dose were the benzalkonium chloride and famoxadone + mancozeb. Methiram + pyraclostrobin had action in the dosage recommended only for X. gardneri. Xanthomonas perforans was sensitive to this product only starting from ten times more. The products of copper base did not have action in the bacteria at the recommended dose, being sensitive only at a hundred time more. For the trials of seedlings it was noticed that metiram + pyraclostrobin, copper oxicloreto, famoxadone + mancozebe, phosphite and copper hydroxide reduced the severity under certain conditions. In the field trials, in generally, acibenzolar-S-methyl and famoxadone + mancozeb lead to the better results.