O impacto do manejo do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.) e de pastagem (Brachiaria decumbens) na microbiota do solo

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Marcus Vinícius Forzani
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8291
• topic: Microbiologia do solo; Ecologia microbiana; Biomassa microbiana do solo; Fumigação-extração; Metagenômica de 16S RNA; Soil microbiology; Microbial ecology; Soil microbial biomass; Fumigation-extraction; Metagenomic of 16S rRNA; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

Characterized as extremely important, the soil is a complex environment and it shelters a great diversity of microorganisms. However, little is known about the diversity and ecology of the soil microbiota. Thus, the first part of this dissertation reviews the methodological evolution used to characterize the diversity and abundance of microorganisms found in soil. The second part consists of the application of two methodologies reviewed in the previous chapter, serial dilution and solid medium plating, to estimate free-living nitrogen fixing microorganisms, and fumigation-extraction to estimate soil microbial biomass (BMS). The last part employs the most modern microbial soil characterization technique, the metagenomics of 16S rRNA. Hence, our initial hypothesis was that sugarcane fields’ soils would have better soil microbiological indicators than grasslands’ soils. The results confirmed that the hypothesis was partially correct, and it was possible to find about 140% more free-living diazotrophic colony-forming units (CFUs) and a 17% richer alpha diversity in sugarcane fields’ soils than in grasslands’ soils. The beta diversity between sugarcane plantations and pastures presented clear differences. However, sugarcane fields’ soils obtained about 25% less BMS than grasslands’ soils. In relation to the bacterial phyla, the grasslands have more Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes and sugarcane fields have a greater number of TM7 and bacteria that were not identified, being Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria the dominating phyla in both types of soil. Although the results of nitrogen fixers and microbial biomass appear to be conflicting, it is an indication that the diazotrophic community undergoes with a diverse biotic and abiotic influences than the total community of soil microorganisms, and thus respond differently.