Filmes biodegradáveis: elaboração e validação em maracujá silvestre produzido para utilização na agricultura familiar

• Autor(a) principal: Vespucci, Igor Leonardo
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/11142
• topic: Aceitação; Agronegócio; Armazenamento; Passiflora setacea; Pós-colheita; Revestimento biodegradável; Acceptance; Agribusiness; Storage; Passiflora setacea; Post-harvest; Biodegradable coating; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

In recent years, there have been several studies known as "State of the Art". Thus, the objective of Chapter II was to build the State of the Art on coatings for post-harvest fruit. To this end, searches were carried out in research bases (Google Academic, Scielo and Science Direct) of the last nine years (2011-2019). After investigating these articles, 160 scientific works were retrieved on these bases. After reading the abstracts, articles that did not contemplate the main objective of the study were discarded, thus leaving 92 articles. After selection, the keywords and their respective years were counted. The data were demonstrated by means of groupings visualized through principal component analysis (PCA), using the Euclidean distance matrix. It is concluded that the most researched themes are: To prepare a coating with the ideal concentration of food and that it does not have microorganisms in it is constitution. In addition, the theoretical gaps in this theme are in the improvement of new renewable materials that will be used as raw materials for coatings. The use of packaging from polymers derived from petroleum generates an accelerated generation of waste because they are not biodegradable, is an alternative solution to the use of biodegradable packaging. Therefore, the objective of Chapter III was to characterize and identify the best artisanal formulation of biodegradable films based on starch for application in small fruit productions. In the first stage, was evaluated four sources of starch as raw material for preparation of biodegradable film focusing on use in small productions of fruit. The design used was completely randomized, with four treatments and five repetitions. In the second stage, for formulating the film, the raw material with the best performance was used in stage 1 (in two concentrations) associated with two concentrations of glycerol. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (grams of the best raw material from step 1 x grams of glycerin), with five replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Scott-knott test. It considered a probability of 5% for all tests mentioned. Among the starches evaluated (Stage 1), the one that showed the best results was the film based on sour powder with better visual aspect in electron microscopy, less water activity and greater solubility in water. As for the best formulation of the mixture (Stage 2), the ideal concentration was composed of 2g of sour powder and 0.08g of glycerin as a plasticizer, in addition to 0.03g of cinnamon as an antimicrobial agent in 100mL of filtered water. This formulation showed a better visual aspect in the formation of the film, less water activity and better flexibility, in addition to rapid biodegradability. The use of biopolymers, such as starches from different sources, has attracted the attention of research in recent years for the production of packaging, mainly due to it is biodegradability. In this context, the chapter IV evaluated the efficiency of the biodegradable coating based on sour starch in the conservation and maintenance of the postharvest quality of wild passion fruit 'BRS Pérola do Cerrado'. Thereunto, a completely randomized design in a 5x8 factorial scheme (packages x days of analysis) was used, with three replications, containing 3 fruits each. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis, with the statistical test of PERMANOVA at 5% probability and subsequently demonstrated by means of grouping visualized by means of principal component analysis (PCA), using the Euclidean distance matrix. The use of biodegradable coating in postharvest conservation of wild passion fruit was efficient because it reduced the mass loss, presented lower values of peel firmness, decreased the titratable acidity and promoted greater fruit yield. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of sustainable coatings is beneficial in replacing synthetic packaging. The act of evaluating the diffusion of an innovation is extremely important and certainly surpasses the advent of innovation. Therefore, the objective of chapter V was to evaluate the spread of the use of biodegradable coating to family farmers in State of Goiás, Brazil. Qualitative research was carried out through questionnaires in 20 rural properties in the municipality of Jaraguá - GO, in two stages: stage 1 in January 2019; stage 2 in July 2019. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis, by means of cluster analysis, organized in a dendrogram type graph, using the Jaccard distance matrix and the complete link cluster technique (most distant neighbor). Under the conditions in which the work was carried out, there was low acceptance and diffusion of the use of biodegradable coating by family farmers, due to the fact that they have a low level of education, do not use technology, as well as irrigation or machinery, in addition their properties are distant (>10km) from urban centers.