De Caliban a Próspero: a sociedade brasileira e a política externa da República (1889 – 1945)

• Autor(a) principal: Cardoso, Ludimila Stival
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• dARK ID: ark:/38995/001300000dzzf
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4665
• topic: Decolonialidade; Colonialidade do poder; Política externa; Brasil; Sociedade; Decolonization; Coloniality of power; Foreign policy; Brazil; Society; HISTORIA DO BRASIL::HISTORIA DO BRASIL REPUBLICA

This thesis sought to analyze the presence and social participation of Brazilian foreign policy. We begin our analysis with an investigation of the dichotomy of Prospero and Caliban, two characters within William Shakespeare's play, "The Tempest" (1611), viewed by post-colonial thinkers as representative of the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized. For this thesis, these characters represent the distance between Brazilian foreign policy and Brazilian society. The first, Prospero, is symbolic of those thriving and in power, while the second, Caliban, is symbolic of those whose humanity has been removed by the prerogative of European domination, but who nevertheless resist domination (resist decolonization). We understand that what was needed was a "swing decolonization" in our thesis, so we discussed the prospect of "coloniality of power," of which we believe America, through the Atlantic trade route, to have been a constituent part of the training of the world system. Therefore, the world system and modern capitalism would also be considered colonial. But the "coloniality of power" is related, in particular, to a process that degrades a portion of the indigenous population, such as blacks, and also degrades women, due to their phenotypes, i.e., it is linked to the concept of "race" ("coloniality of being"), as well as to the knowledge of other ("coloniality of knowledge"), and to forms of spirituality and its relationship with nature ("coloniality of nature"). In other words, these strata would be lower than both ontological and epistemological orientation. These initial analyzes led us to revisit historical periods prior to the focus of this thesis: in particular, the time between the Proclamation of the Republic (1889) and the Vargas Era (1930 - 1945). We therefore arrive at colonization, the first contacts between the indigenous peoples and Europeans (Portuguese), the Iberian Union (1580 - 1640), the Portuguese Restoration (1640), and Independence (1822). This process and path has helped us understand how society and the Brazilian State itself is structured. The first is based on the "myth" of territorial greatness; and the second, by pressing the marks of inferiority, we discuss a perspective from the "coloniality of power" and an analysis, even incidentally, of various interpreters of Brazil. We reflect also on the indigenist policy undertaken since the colonial period until the institution of the Republic (1889) arriving in the Vargas (1930 - 1945). We realized with these analyzes that the objective of the Brazilian State was, mainly, to integrate the indigenous population into national communion, transforming it into a labor force, in addition to using it as a protector of borders. At this point, indigenous politics and foreign policy intersect, since one of the main scopes of the latter would be to ensure the safety of the Brazilian territory and, when possible, to enlarge it. We start, then, with an analysis of the reports of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs between 1889 and 1945. After analysis of this documentation, we explore the importance of the integrity of the territory for the Brazilian State, and examine also the existence of a speech in which Brazil appears as an advocate of the principles of a civilization whose political model is epistemic of a social and cultural conscience of the West. A speech that, in addition to addressing other issues, presents the presence and participation of a population contingent upon other ways of life, and other social and economic organization, i.e. indigenous and black. Still, it is an exception, this democratic deficit and participation has changed, to some extent, in the 1980s, when the social movements began to be interested in international affairs, by way of the fight for the maintenance of labor rights, at risk to deregulation of the labor market and a measure of economic liberalization. This process is, however, under construction and depends on an intercultural dialog, which makes the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its area of operation the place of intersection and connection.