Manejo da fertirrigação na produção de minitomate em ambiente protegido

• Autor(a) principal: Bezerra, Ricardo de Sousa
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFG
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5287
• topic: Minitomate; Salinidade; Lâmina de lixiviação; Automação; Potencial matricial; Mini tomato; Salinity; Leaching fraction; Automation; Matric potential; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

The application of high level of fertilization and inappropriate irrigation management in substrate cultivation tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) causes salinity in cultivation environmental, imbalance nutritional and physiological disorders in plants, which normally leads to decrease yield and cause economic losses. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different fertigation techniques controlled by an automatic irrigation system, consisting of programmable logic controllers (PLC) and Irrigas® sensors, on growth and yield of tomato plants in greenhouses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), in Goiânia, GO, Brazil, from May 23 to September 26, 2014. It was used Mascot F1 hybrid that is a mini tomato type grape. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five blocks and four replications in block. The experimental unit was one plant. The treatments consisted of four forms of fertigation management, as follows: a) Treatment 1 - fertigation with application of 20% leaching fraction; b) Treatment 2 - fertigation throughout the day and application of water with 20% leaching fraction at the end of the day; Treatment 3 - initial application of water leaching fraction of 20% followed by fertigation; Treatment 4 - fertigation using the nutrient solution reuse with application of 20% leaching fraction. We evaluated the electrical conductivity (EC) of the leached solution; the nutrient content in the dry matter of leaves; height and diameter of the stalk; number of bunchs; total yield and marketable fruit yield; the fruit quality was evaluated by size, color, total titratable acidity, soluble solids content and texture of fruits. To evaluate the automation system was done operation tests and also an cost analysis to construction of the fertigation control system. The differents forms of fertigation not influence the vegetative growth of tomato; the use of standard nutrient solution with 20% leaching fraction (treatment 1) and the reuse of the leached solution, also with 20% leaching fraction (treatment 2), provided the largest marketable production (1616.85 g plant-1 and 1401.90 g plant-1), fruit production with higher soluble solids (5.82 and 5.65 ° Brix, respectively), and increase blossom end rot in minitomato; it is possible reuse the nutrient solution drained of pots if the EC of solution were adjusted daily; the fertigation control system works fine and presents low cost compared to comercial system control of fertigation.