Analysis of the efficacy of low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets in the decrease of the type 2 diabetes mellitus markers: a systematic review

• Autor(a) principal: Pietro Granja Filippo, Gian
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: Guaranys de Souza Leão Mateik, Sophia, Franzen, Anderson
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: HU Revista (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/hurevista/article/view/32932
• topic: Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2; Dieta; Carboidratos; Dieta Cetogênica; Eficácia.; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Carbohydrates; Diet, Ketogenic; Efficacy

Introduction: In a scenario of inability of the current recommendations to epidemiologically control the progress of the disease, it remains uncertain which is the best nutritional strategy for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets in the metabolic markers and body weight in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: The PRISMA methodology was applied to identify and analyze a sample of randomized clinical trials, on the comparison of the effects of low carbohydrate diets to moderate-high carbohydrate diets, from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in studies with publication after January 1990. Results: 8 randomized clinical trials were selected. Both dietary strategies similarly reduced glycated hemoglobin values, with improvement tendency in low-carbohydrate diets. In most studies, weight loss, triglyceride values reduction, HDL-c values increase, a drop in fasting plasma glucose and assessments of continuous global glycemic action and the mean amplitude of excursions glycemic, was better in the low carbohydrate diet groups, demonstrating a maintenance of a more physiologically stable blood glucose profile. It is worth mentioning that the predominance of the hypoglycemic agents decrease in low carbohydrate diet groups is presented as an important advantage in the long term management of diabetes. Conclusion: Low-carbohydrate diets are safe, well-tolerated and can be accepted as a nutritional therapy option for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.