Obesidade e infecção por SARS-CoV-2: papel da metainflamação

• Autor(a) principal: Albertoni, Ana Luísa Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Outros Autores: Albertoni, Luis Gustavo Silva, Almeida, Patricia Elaine de
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: HU Revista (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://periodicos.ufjf.br/index.php/hurevista/article/view/32241
• topic: Obesity; Pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Obesidade; Pandemias; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, the pathological agent of COVID-19, has been described as a highly infectious virus, transmitted from human to human with alarming rates of infection worldwide. The high number of deaths caused by COVID-19 is mostly associated with advanced age or comorbidities. Among it, we mention obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, arterial hypertension, coagulopathies and cancer. Objective: This review aims to contribute to a concise update and development of scientific knowledge, in addition to discussing issues that are still not well understood about the impact of metabolic changes and activation of the immune system on the development of COVID-19. Material and Methods: Literature review of scientific articles published between 2002 and 2020, indexed in the databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine and The National Institute of Health), Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and CAPES journals. Results and Discussion: Obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state, known as metabolic inflammation or metainflammation. Changes due to metabolic inflammation, make the host more susceptible to diseases and the immune system less responsive to vaccines, antivirals and antimicrobials. In addition, obesity and SARS-CoV-2 share common elements of the immune response and the inflammatory process, such as cytokines, chemokines and adipokines secreted in metainflammation. Furthermore, it is possible for the virus and obesity to interact on common signaling pathways that amplify metabolic disorders, which leads to an exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese individuals. Conclusion: Deficient immune response and comorbidities are important determinants of the severity of SARS-Cov-2 viral infection in obese patients. Obesity not only increases the risk of complications from COVID-19, but it may also amplify immunometabolic disorders, which can lead to the exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese.