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2021-07-23T15:48:50Z2021-07-23T15:48:50Z2018-05-122853274300https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2318-2962.2018v28n53p274-3002318-2962http://hdl.handle.net/1843/36907https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-3729https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3618-7773O quadro mediterrâneo vigente na maior parte da Espanha traz importantes desafios associados à irregularidade pluviométrica e às frequentes estiagens. Os “desequilíbrios” entre a “Espanha seca”, mediterrânea, e a “Espanha úmida”, atlântica, foram usados como argumentos para justificar o forte e tradicional viés das políticas hidráulicas de obras para o aumento da oferta de água. Porém, a partir da Diretiva Quadro da Água, aprovada no ano 2000, o país se vê confrontado com os desafios de “modernização” e implementação de um quadro de gestão com perspectiva mais ecológica e menos estruturalista. Neste sentido, a valorização dos recursos hídricos “não convencionais”vem sendo uma das estratégias mais fomentadas para o atendimento das demandas, particularmente a dessalinização e a utilização de efluentes tratados. Este artigo apresenta as características, os avanços, desafios e críticas à experiência espanhola de utilização de recursos hídricos “não convencionais”, incluindo seus referenciais históricos, institucionais e legais. Apesar do imporante desenvolvimento nas décadas recentes, estes recursos não ficam isentos de críticas. As principais envolvem os custos da água dessalinizada e a falta de incentivo às iniciativas de uso de efluentes tratados e reuso de águas domésticas. Mesmo com um contexto histórico e geográfico particular, o cenário espanhol pode fornecer referenciais para refexão úteis à sociedade brasileira.The Mediterranean conditions present in most part of Spain establish major challenges associated with rainfall irregularity and frequent droughts. The "imbalances" between "dry Spain", Mediterranean, and "wet Spain", Atlantic, were adopted as argument to justify the strong and traditional bias of the hydraulic policies for the water supply increase. However, since the Water Framework Directive, adopted in 2000, the country faces the challenges of "modernizing" and implementing a management framework with a greener and less structuralist perspective. In this sense, the valorization of “unconventional” water resources has been one of the most promoted strategies in the country for meeting the demands, particularly the desalination and the treated effluents use. This paper presents the characteristics, challenges, advances and critics to the Spanish experience of "unconventional" water resources use, including historical, institutional and legal references. Despite the important development in recent decades, these resources are not without criticism. The main ones involve the costs of desalinated water and the lack of public incentive to treated effluent use and domestic water reuse. Even with a specific historical and geographical context, the Spanish scenario may provide useful references to the Brazilian society.porUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUFMGBrasilIGC - DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOGRAFIACaderno de GeografiaRecursos hídricos - Desenvolvimento - EspanhaAbastecimento de águaDessalinização da águaExperiência espanhola de gestão da águaRecursos hídricos não convencionaisDessalinizaçãoOs recursos “não convencionais” na gestão da água: ensinamentos da experiência espanhola“Unconventional” resources in water management: teachings from the Spanish experienceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://periodicos.pucminas.br/index.php/geografia/article/view/17148Antônio Pereira Magalhães JuniorDavid Saurí Pujolapplication/pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGLICENSELicense.txtLicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82042https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/36907/1/License.txtfa505098d172de0bc8864fc1287ffe22MD51ORIGINALOs recursos não convencionais na gestão da água ensinamentos da experiência espanhola.pdfOs recursos não convencionais na gestão da água ensinamentos da experiência espanhola.pdfapplication/pdf384689https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/36907/2/Os%20recursos%20n%c3%a3o%20convencionais%20na%20gest%c3%a3o%20da%20%c3%a1gua%20ensinamentos%20da%20experi%c3%aancia%20espanhola.pdf708de163c8b341894c503f68322f4c34MD521843/369072021-07-23 12:48:50.535oai:repositorio.ufmg.br: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Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufmg.br/oaiopendoar:2021-07-23T15:48:50Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false
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