The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFMG |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30352 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0264 |
Resumo: | Forests have become increasingly important geopolitical entities in the past two decades, especially in light of their function as carbon sink in the context of climate change. This function has inspired an increasingly relevant policy regime known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), which entails the financial support of successful efforts to reduce emissions. Political debates in general, and particularly in Brazil, have been very controversial on ideas about the adequate modality of this financial support, in which an initial emphasis on using market instruments has been resisted in favor of a results-based payment approach. At the same time, market instruments have not been excluded from forest governance debates altogether. In order to understand the factors and mechanisms that govern the construction of financial instruments for deforestation reduction in Brazil, this thesis adopts a discursive approach that emphasizes the power of discourses and ideas in these construction processes. Through analyses of the National REDD+ Strategy, the Amazon Fund and the Brazilian market for forest certificates, this thesis identifies four conclusions on the use of financial instruments in Brazil. The first conclusion is that REDD+ articulates the common objective of emissions reductions that mobilizes financial resources and other forms of support through various public and private channels. Rather than characterizing REDD+ as a singular financial mechanism, viewing REDD+ as a common objective is that it opens up possibilities for considering a wide variety of financial instruments, including results-based funding and offset-based markets. The second conclusion is that REDD+, understood as the common objective of emissions reductions, , transforms through its operationalization from international via national to subnational levels and dissolves into a forest policy nexus. The concern with emissions reductions is almost exclusively found within national and international governance institutions, while the redistribution of these financial resources across individual projects often does not directly refer to emissions reductions. This understanding allows for a broader diversity of forest conservation approaches and financial instruments. The third conclusion is that formal rules of national institutions govern political debates on and conflicts over financial instruments for forest governance. As such, argumentations change into references to such rules, as the case of REDD+ suggests. In addition, these formal rules both support and obstruct the operationalization of financial instruments, as the case of forest certificate trading testifies. The fourth and final conclusion is that the politics of financial instruments are grounded within an episteme of ‘ruptured dependence’ that emphasizes processes of singularization, valuation and appropriation. The analysis shows that the singularization and monetary valuation components have been constant governing factors for both fund-based and market-based instruments, while appropriation elements have been highly susceptible to politics of discourse. Based on these conclusions, this thesis emphasizes the strengthening of singularization processes to avoid political conflict in existing instruments, or a diversification of results that mobilize financial resources for reducing deforestation. In the short term, one may also consider circumventing the formal rules of national institutions altogether and instead direct financial support to lower governance levels. |
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Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajãohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8230430746330911Pieter LeroyRaoni Guerra Lucas RajãoPieter LeroyEsteve CorberaBas ArtsMaria Blockhaushttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0376200809269138Richard Jan Arie van der Hoff2019-10-14T13:50:06Z2019-10-14T13:50:06Z2019-02-20http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30352https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0264Forests have become increasingly important geopolitical entities in the past two decades, especially in light of their function as carbon sink in the context of climate change. This function has inspired an increasingly relevant policy regime known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), which entails the financial support of successful efforts to reduce emissions. Political debates in general, and particularly in Brazil, have been very controversial on ideas about the adequate modality of this financial support, in which an initial emphasis on using market instruments has been resisted in favor of a results-based payment approach. At the same time, market instruments have not been excluded from forest governance debates altogether. In order to understand the factors and mechanisms that govern the construction of financial instruments for deforestation reduction in Brazil, this thesis adopts a discursive approach that emphasizes the power of discourses and ideas in these construction processes. Through analyses of the National REDD+ Strategy, the Amazon Fund and the Brazilian market for forest certificates, this thesis identifies four conclusions on the use of financial instruments in Brazil. The first conclusion is that REDD+ articulates the common objective of emissions reductions that mobilizes financial resources and other forms of support through various public and private channels. Rather than characterizing REDD+ as a singular financial mechanism, viewing REDD+ as a common objective is that it opens up possibilities for considering a wide variety of financial instruments, including results-based funding and offset-based markets. The second conclusion is that REDD+, understood as the common objective of emissions reductions, , transforms through its operationalization from international via national to subnational levels and dissolves into a forest policy nexus. The concern with emissions reductions is almost exclusively found within national and international governance institutions, while the redistribution of these financial resources across individual projects often does not directly refer to emissions reductions. This understanding allows for a broader diversity of forest conservation approaches and financial instruments. The third conclusion is that formal rules of national institutions govern political debates on and conflicts over financial instruments for forest governance. As such, argumentations change into references to such rules, as the case of REDD+ suggests. In addition, these formal rules both support and obstruct the operationalization of financial instruments, as the case of forest certificate trading testifies. The fourth and final conclusion is that the politics of financial instruments are grounded within an episteme of ‘ruptured dependence’ that emphasizes processes of singularization, valuation and appropriation. The analysis shows that the singularization and monetary valuation components have been constant governing factors for both fund-based and market-based instruments, while appropriation elements have been highly susceptible to politics of discourse. Based on these conclusions, this thesis emphasizes the strengthening of singularization processes to avoid political conflict in existing instruments, or a diversification of results that mobilize financial resources for reducing deforestation. In the short term, one may also consider circumventing the formal rules of national institutions altogether and instead direct financial support to lower governance levels.Florestas têm se tornado entidades geopolíticas cada vez mais importantes nas últimas duas décadas, devido especialmente a sua função como sumidouro de carbono no âmbito da mudança climática. Neste contexto se destaca o regime internacional de Redução das Emissões por Desmatamento e Degradação Florestal (REDD+), cujo cerne é o apoio financeiro a esforços bem-sucedidos que resultam em reduções de emissões no setor florestal. Nos debates gerais e no Brasil em particular, houve fortes controvérsias sobre a forma adequada para financiar atividades de REDD+, havendo resistência ao uso amplo de instrumentos de mercado em prol de um financiamento baseado em resultados. Ao mesmo tempo, ainda há evidencias que instrumentos de mercado continuam relevantes para a governança florestal. Para compreender os fatores e mecanismos que regulam os processos de construir instrumentos financeiros para reduzir desmatamento no Brasil, esta tese adota uma abordagem discursiva que enfatiza o poder dos discursos e ideias nesses processos de construção. Por meio de análises da Estratégia Nacional de REDD+, do Fundo Amazônia e do mercado brasileiro de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental, esta tese identifica quatro conclusões sobre o uso de instrumentos financeiros no Brasil. Primeiramente, conclui-se que REDD+ articula um objetivo comum de redução de emissões que mobiliza recursos financeiros e outras formas de apoio por meio de vários canais públicos e privados. Ao invés de caracterizar o REDD+ como um mecanismo financeiro singular, esta caraterização abre possibilidades para considerar uma ampla variedade de instrumentos financeiros, inclusive financiamento baseado em resultados e compensação de emissões. A segunda conclusão é que a implementação do conceito de REDD+, entendido como objetivo comum de redução de emissões, transforma-se do nível internacional para nacional para subnacional e dissolve-se no nexo de política florestal. A preocupação com redução de emissões se encontra quase exclusivamente nas instituições nacionais e internacionais de governança. Todavia, a distribuição desses recursos financeiros entre os projetos individuais muitas vezes contribui indiretamente às reduções de emissões que, portanto, permite uma ampla diversidade de abordagens de conservação florestal e instrumentos financeiros. A terceira conclusão é que regras formais das instituições nacionais regulam os debates e conflitos políticos sobre instrumentos financeiros para governança florestal. Sendo assim, as argumentações se desenvolvem em referências a tais regras, como no caso do REDD+. Ademais, estas regras formais tanto apoiam quanto obstruem processos de operacionalização de mercado, como no caso das Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. A quarta e última conclusão é que a política dos instrumentos financeiros é fundada em uma ‘dependência rompida’ à natureza que enfatiza processos de singularização, valoração e apropriação. A análise demonstra que os componentes de singularização e valorização monetária foram fatores regulatórios constantes nos casos estudados, enquanto o componente de apropriação foi altamente suscetível à política de discurso. Baseado nessas conclusões, esta tese enfatiza o fortalecimento de processos de singularização para evitar conflitos políticos ou uma diversificação dos resultados que mobilizam recursos financeiros para reduzir desmatamento. No curto prazo pode ser necessário contornar integralmente as regras formais das instituições nacionais e, ao invés disso, direcionar o apoio financeiro à governança em níveis inferiores.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorengUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de ProduçãoUFMGBrasilENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA PRODUÇÃOEngenharia de produçãoInstrumentos financeirosAnálise do discursoPolítica ambientalDesmatamentoPolítica ambiental -Engenharia de produçãoEstudos sociais da tecnologia e expertisePolítica ambientalPolítica florestalInstrumentos financeirosMercado ambientalCódigo florestalFundo AmazôniaMudança do climaDesmatamentoREDD+Emissões de carbonoGovernança ambientalGovernança florestalThe contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governanceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGORIGINAL2019_Tese de Doutorado_Concluído.pdf2019_Tese de Doutorado_Concluído.pdf2019_Hoff_Tese de Doutoradoapplication/pdf13507661https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/30352/1/2019_Tese%20de%20Doutorado_Conclu%c3%addo.pdfe4c9e0599cea2f9e607050282d45eb0fMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82119https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/30352/2/license.txt34badce4be7e31e3adb4575ae96af679MD52TEXT2019_Tese de Doutorado_Concluído.pdf.txt2019_Tese de Doutorado_Concluído.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain394442https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/30352/3/2019_Tese%20de%20Doutorado_Conclu%c3%addo.pdf.txta28c9752b499792f5facd6321f0d6317MD531843/303522019-11-14 12:46:04.595oai:repositorio.ufmg.br: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Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.ufmg.br/oaiopendoar:2019-11-14T15:46:04Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
title |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
spellingShingle |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance Richard Jan Arie van der Hoff Engenharia de produção Estudos sociais da tecnologia e expertise Política ambiental Política florestal Instrumentos financeiros Mercado ambiental Código florestal Fundo Amazônia Mudança do clima Desmatamento REDD+ Emissões de carbono Governança ambiental Governança florestal Engenharia de produção Instrumentos financeiros Análise do discurso Política ambiental Desmatamento Política ambiental - |
title_short |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
title_full |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
title_fullStr |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
title_full_unstemmed |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
title_sort |
The contested role of financial instruments in Brazilian forest governance |
author |
Richard Jan Arie van der Hoff |
author_facet |
Richard Jan Arie van der Hoff |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8230430746330911 |
dc.contributor.advisor2.fl_str_mv |
Pieter Leroy |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Pieter Leroy |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Esteve Corbera |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Bas Arts |
dc.contributor.referee5.fl_str_mv |
Maria Blockhaus |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0376200809269138 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Richard Jan Arie van der Hoff |
contributor_str_mv |
Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão Pieter Leroy Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão Pieter Leroy Esteve Corbera Bas Arts Maria Blockhaus |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia de produção Estudos sociais da tecnologia e expertise Política ambiental Política florestal Instrumentos financeiros Mercado ambiental Código florestal Fundo Amazônia Mudança do clima Desmatamento REDD+ Emissões de carbono Governança ambiental Governança florestal |
topic |
Engenharia de produção Estudos sociais da tecnologia e expertise Política ambiental Política florestal Instrumentos financeiros Mercado ambiental Código florestal Fundo Amazônia Mudança do clima Desmatamento REDD+ Emissões de carbono Governança ambiental Governança florestal Engenharia de produção Instrumentos financeiros Análise do discurso Política ambiental Desmatamento Política ambiental - |
dc.subject.other.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia de produção Instrumentos financeiros Análise do discurso Política ambiental Desmatamento Política ambiental - |
description |
Forests have become increasingly important geopolitical entities in the past two decades, especially in light of their function as carbon sink in the context of climate change. This function has inspired an increasingly relevant policy regime known as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), which entails the financial support of successful efforts to reduce emissions. Political debates in general, and particularly in Brazil, have been very controversial on ideas about the adequate modality of this financial support, in which an initial emphasis on using market instruments has been resisted in favor of a results-based payment approach. At the same time, market instruments have not been excluded from forest governance debates altogether. In order to understand the factors and mechanisms that govern the construction of financial instruments for deforestation reduction in Brazil, this thesis adopts a discursive approach that emphasizes the power of discourses and ideas in these construction processes. Through analyses of the National REDD+ Strategy, the Amazon Fund and the Brazilian market for forest certificates, this thesis identifies four conclusions on the use of financial instruments in Brazil. The first conclusion is that REDD+ articulates the common objective of emissions reductions that mobilizes financial resources and other forms of support through various public and private channels. Rather than characterizing REDD+ as a singular financial mechanism, viewing REDD+ as a common objective is that it opens up possibilities for considering a wide variety of financial instruments, including results-based funding and offset-based markets. The second conclusion is that REDD+, understood as the common objective of emissions reductions, , transforms through its operationalization from international via national to subnational levels and dissolves into a forest policy nexus. The concern with emissions reductions is almost exclusively found within national and international governance institutions, while the redistribution of these financial resources across individual projects often does not directly refer to emissions reductions. This understanding allows for a broader diversity of forest conservation approaches and financial instruments. The third conclusion is that formal rules of national institutions govern political debates on and conflicts over financial instruments for forest governance. As such, argumentations change into references to such rules, as the case of REDD+ suggests. In addition, these formal rules both support and obstruct the operationalization of financial instruments, as the case of forest certificate trading testifies. The fourth and final conclusion is that the politics of financial instruments are grounded within an episteme of ‘ruptured dependence’ that emphasizes processes of singularization, valuation and appropriation. The analysis shows that the singularization and monetary valuation components have been constant governing factors for both fund-based and market-based instruments, while appropriation elements have been highly susceptible to politics of discourse. Based on these conclusions, this thesis emphasizes the strengthening of singularization processes to avoid political conflict in existing instruments, or a diversification of results that mobilize financial resources for reducing deforestation. In the short term, one may also consider circumventing the formal rules of national institutions altogether and instead direct financial support to lower governance levels. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-10-14T13:50:06Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-10-14T13:50:06Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2019-02-20 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30352 |
dc.identifier.orcid.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0264 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1843/30352 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0264 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFMG |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
ENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA PRODUÇÃO |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) |
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UFMG |
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UFMG |
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