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Heloisa Maria Murgel Starlinghttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3321652451642202Newton Bignotto de SouzaElcio Loureiro CornelsenAdriano Correia SilvaBruno Leal Pastor de Carvalhohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9020280172249149Maria Visconti Sales2023-08-08T12:26:34Z2023-08-08T12:26:34Z2023-04-24http://hdl.handle.net/1843/57593O Julgamento de Nuremberg, ocorrido entre os anos de 1945 e 1946, representa um grande marco no processo de desnazificação da Europa após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com um tribunal composto pelos países Aliados e vencedores da guerra como juízes e acusadores, esse julgamento inaugural levou vinte e um nazistas ao banco dos réus. Considerados os grandes representantes do Terceiro Reich, esses homens utilizaram o tribunal como um palco para oferecer uma última consideração sobre o regime nazista e sobre suas atuações nesse período sombrio da história alemã. O objetivo desta tese é identificar e interpretar, a partir da análise das narrativas de dezenove nazistas durante os procedimentos, as diferentes maneiras que os réus falaram sobre si mesmos no Julgamento de Nuremberg, transformando esses discursos em arquétipos. As fontes utilizadas para essa análise são as transcrições do Julgamento de Nuremberg e as entrevistas que os nazistas deram para o psiquiatra Leon Goldensohn e para o psicólogo Gustave Gilbert durante o período do tribunal. A seleção das narrativas foi feita considerando apenas os réus que deram depoimento durante o julgamento. O ponto de partida da pesquisa foi compreender que, ainda que todos os nazistas estivessem lutando contra a pena de morte, é possível reconhecer padrões e estratégias narrativas que se repetem ao longo deste julgamento e vêm de diferentes homens com diferentes cargos governamentais e que enfrentaram diferentes acusações – por consequência, também tiveram diferentes sentenças. Alguns nazistas seguiram defendendo a ideologia nacional- socialista até o fim. Outros, negaram qualquer envolvimento ou conhecimento sobre os crimes do regime e se apresentaram como indivíduos desimportantes dentro da estrutura do Terceiro Reich. Foi possível identificar também nazistas que afirmaram terem se arrependido profundamente de suas ações; homens que disseram terem sido grandes resistentes, a despeito de seus cargos no regime; militares que se ampararam na justificativa da necessidade de obediência a ordens; e diplomatas que defenderam um conservadorismo não extremista. Por meio da identificação de padrões discursivos e sua transformação em tipologias, é possível aplicar os arquétipos desenvolvidos nesta tese ao analisar outros tribunais de desnazificação. O principal argumento deste trabalho é, nesse sentido e sobretudo, uma proposta de criação de uma ferramenta metodológica de análise.The Nuremberg Trials, which took place between 1945 and 1946, represent a significant milestone in the denazification process in Europe after World War II. With a tribunal composed of the Allied countries and war winners as judges and prosecutors, this debut trial brought twenty-one Nazis to the dock. Considered the most outstanding representatives of the Third Reich, these men used the courtroom as a stage to offer a final consideration of the Nazi regime and their role in this dark period of German history. The thesis aims to identify and interpret, based on the analysis of the narratives of nineteen Nazis during the proceedings, the different ways that the defendants spoke about themselves at the Nuremberg Trials, transforming these speeches into archetypes. The sources used for this analysis are the transcripts of the Nuremberg Trials and the interviews that the Nazis gave to the psychiatrist Leon Goldensohn and the psychologist Gustave Gilbert during the trial period. The narratives were selected considering only the defendants who testified during the trial. The starting point of the research was to understand that, although all Nazis were fighting against the death penalty, it is possible to recognize patterns and narrative strategies that are repeated throughout this trial and come from different men with different government positions and who faced different accusations – consequently, they also had different sentences. Some Nazis continued to defend the National Socialist ideology until the end. Others denied involvement or knowledge of the regime’s crimes and presented themselves as unimportant individuals within the structure of the Third Reich. It was also possible to identify Nazis who claimed to have deeply regretted their actions; men who said they were great resisters, despite their positions in the regime; military personnel who justified themselves by the need to obey orders; and diplomats who advocated for a non-extremist conservatism. By identifying discursive patterns and transforming them into typologies, it is possible to apply the archetypes developed in this thesis in subsequent analyzes of other denazification courts. The main argument of this work is, in this sense and above all, a proposal for creating a methodological analysis tool.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorporUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em HistóriaUFMGBrasilFAF - DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIAHistória - TesesNazismo - TesesHolocausto judeu (1939-1945) - TesesNuremberg (Alemanha), Processos de crime de guerra, 1946-1949 - TesesJulgamento de NurembergNazismoDesnazificaçãoArquétiposHolocausto“Uma constelação de culpas” : arquétipos narrativos dos nazistas no Julgamento de Nuremberg (1945-1946)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGORIGINALVISCONTI_Tese_Final_Biblioteca.pdfVISCONTI_Tese_Final_Biblioteca.pdfapplication/pdf18788738https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/57593/3/VISCONTI_Tese_Final_Biblioteca.pdf9dc5b4988aa284043f09f4887bf11427MD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82118https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/57593/4/license.txtcda590c95a0b51b4d15f60c9642ca272MD541843/575932023-08-08 09:26:34.511oai:repositorio.ufmg.br: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ório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufmg.br/oaiopendoar:2023-08-08T12:26:34Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false
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