Construção e evidências de validade de conteúdo da "Escala de Autoeficácia Parental para o Transtorno do Espectro Autista - EAP-TEA"

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Mariana Rodrigo do Vale Costa e
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2866
• topic: Transtorno do Espectro Autista; Autoeficácia; Pais; Escala; Psicometria; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Self-efficacy; Parents; Measurement; Psychometry

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Such a diagnosis demands changes in the family dynamics and in the practices used by the parents of the autistic child. Making the parents and / or caregivers of these children part of the treatment and their development process requires the identification of variables that are associated with parenting practices in this context and their quality, with the parental self-efficacy construct being widely used for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this research project is to build and verify the evidence of validity and accuracy of the "Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Autistic Spectrum Disorder - EAP-TEA". Such processes will be guided by norms established by the following organizations: International Test Commission, American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association and Federal Council of Psychology. For this purpose, theoretical and methodological procedures will be carried out, which will follow the following steps: a) construction of the instrument, which took place through a systematic literature review on the area and the elaboration of the scale items; and b) verification of evidence of content based validity, which was carried out through an analysis of judges and a semantic analysis carried out with parents of children with ASD. These steps were divided into Study 1 (Elaboration of EAP-TEA) and Study 2 (Verification of validity evidence based on content). The review of national (CAPES Platform) and international (Lilacs, Pubmed, PsycINFO and Web of Science) literature carried out in the first study sought to raise instruments that assess parental self-efficacy in the context of ASD, and there was a shortage of material for this purpose, both in Brazil and abroad. Based on the results of the review, a survey was made of the theoretical contribution and models used to construct the EAP-TEA, both for parental self efficacy for TEA and in general. At the same time, an extensive review of the self-efficacy literature was carried out in order to operationalize the construct according to the indications made by the basic theory, generating the first version of the EAP-TEA, with 39 items. This first version was revised and submitted for the evaluations carried out in Study 2. The second version, which had 40 items, was sent to the analysis of judges, with the collaboration of five judges for the first opinion and three for the second. The judges evaluated the EAP-TEA in relation to the category, clarity, theoretical relevance, operationalization of the construct and practical relevance. The results of the analyzes led to an instrument with 27 items, divided into five categories: basic needs and activities of daily living (5 items), socialization (7 items), cognitive development (2 items), structure and discipline (6 items) and care with treatment / school (7 items). Some items underwent modifications carried out by the researchers in their writing and were subjected to semantic analysis, carried out with 10 parents of children with a closed diagnosis of ASD aged between 6 and 12 years, through individual interviews that took place in person and by videoconference. During the interviews, parents were asked about the clarity, understanding and suitability of the instrument's items to the reality of their experiences. The result of the interviews revealed absolute agreement among the participants regarding the clarity and understanding of the items. In addition, two items were rewritten according to notes made by participants in order to make the scale more inclusive for future testers. Thus, it can be concluded that the EAP-TEA was successful in its construction and presented satisfactory results regarding the evidence of content validity through agreement indexes. In the future, it is expected to verify the other validity evidence applicable to the EAP-TEA, such as analysis of the internal structure and factor analysis, as well as the calculation of the instrument's precision and standardization.