Trabalho e saúde dos profissionais da enfermagem hospitalar

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Samara Muriel Sakamoto Pontim
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/1006
• topic: Trabalho; Hospital; Desgaste; Equipe de enfermagem; Condições de trabalho; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA; Job; Hospital; Strain; Nursing team; Working conditions

The world of work goes through constant changes that reflect on the conditions of life, health and work of people. The sum of this scenario with the precariousness of contemporary work has led to the increased biopsychosocial strain of workers, materialized in accidents and occupational diseases. This study sought to understand the situations of the hospital nursing work process that contribute to the biopsychosocial strain of workers using a qualitative approach focused on the work environment. Data were collected through audio recorded interviews, guided by the oral report, and with the use of a semi-structured script based on the current of strain and some concepts adopted by the psychodynamics of work. The observations and impressions of the author were recorded in a daily journal of research. Data were organized and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The study subjects were six nursing professionals, of which four were nurses and two nursing technicians. Based on the relationship between the current of strain and some concepts of work psychodynamics, the results were organized by themes, namely: the organization of work, working conditions, workload, and manifestations of the subjects’ strain. Hospital nursing care is provided by nurses and nursing technicians. The nurses are responsible for more qualified activities such as unit organization, as well as the division and supervision of the activities developed by the nursing technicians. The nursing technicians perform less qualified activities and spend more time in direct and individualized care to patients under the nurses’ subordination. Regarding the relationship with leaders, ambiguous opinions were found about the conduction of work, with praises from the own team at times, and with the nursing technician taking over the nurse's responsibilities at other times. The working conditions were pointed as precarious and generators of strain, and related to the following aspects: lack of consumable and permanent materials, inadequate physical infrastructure to meet the demands, insufficient quantity of nursing professionals, low pay, precarious employment contracts and unsatisfactory plans of career, positions and wages. The workloads were also identified as responsible for the strain of workers, especially the psychic load resultant from work overload, intense work pace and suffering of patients. The study subjects showed diseases and health problems originating from working conditions, such as hypertension related to work overload and psychic strain; onychomycosis due to deficiency of examination gloves; kidney stones due to the intense pace of work and inadequate fluid intake; herniation and tendonitis caused by the demand for physical effort in procedures with patients; allergy resulting from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment; hyperthyroidism due to psychic strain and psychic load; and anxiety and depression related to the psychic burden of work. Three volunteers have reported occupational accidents with risk of biological contamination. It was found that nursing professionals are subjected to a series of objective and subjective work situations that predispose them to biopsychosocial strain. The importance of occupational health surveillance strategies that act in the transformation of the working conditions of nursing professionals is noteworthy, because such conditions endanger the health of these workers.