Obtenção, caracterização e avaliação da eficácia do óleo de Aftalea phalerata em modelo experimental de hipovitaminose A

• Autor(a) principal: Spada, Elaine Cristina de Lara
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/5863
• topic: Attalea phalerata mart. ex spreng; Carotenóides; Deficiência de vitamina A (DVA); CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO; Attalea phalerata mart. ex spreng; Carotenoids; Vitamin A deficiency

Attalea phalerata mart. ex spreng is a characteristic palm tree of the Pantanal Mato-Grossense, forming a typical landscape called “acurizal”, it is popularly known as acuri, a cerrado fruit, specifically from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Amazonian Transitional Forest. From its pulp is extracted the oil used by local populations as a hair tonic and to relieve joint pain. It has fatty acids and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, which, when ingested, are metabolized and converted into vitamin A, acting as an antioxidant in preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory processes, in addition to strengthening the immune system. In this context, the objective of this work was: a) to obtain and characterize the oil obtained from the mesocarp of A. phalerata e; b) to evaluate the metabolic and oxidative effects of the oil obtained from the mesocarp of A. phalerata in an experimental model of hypovitaminosis A. For this, the oil was obtained from the mesocarp of A. phalerata by the cold extraction method. Oil quality was evaluated through physicochemical analyses. The experimental phase was carried out in two stages, the first was related to the standardization of the animal model, using male Wistar rats (-609) which were randomly divided into 2 groups: Control Group (C), received AIN-93G diet and the Hypovitaminosis A (DVA) group received AIN-93G diet without vitamin A for 45 days. In the second stage, male Wistar rats were initially divided into 2 groups for 45 days, Control group (C), AIN93G diet, and; Hypovitaminosis A group (VAD). Afterwards, the DVA group was again divided into 3 groups for another 30 days: DVA Group, continued to receive AIN-93G diet without vitamin A, Acuri oil group (AO), received AIN-93G diet with 14.414 ug/kg P-carotene diet in acuri oil and; Synthetic B-carotene (BC) group, with AIN-93G diet added with 14.414 ug/kg synthetic B-carotene. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and killed by decapitation. Blood and tissues were collected for biochemical and metabolic analysis. Data were presented as mean + standard error (ANOVA-1way or Student's t-test; p<0.05). The Attalea phalerata oil used in this study had a yield of 11.39%. In the physicalchemical analysis of the oil, the acidity was 8.62 + 0.57 mg NaOH/g (up to 10.0 mgNaOH/9), free fatty acid content of 0.43% + 0.01 of oleic acid, Peroxide index of 0.99 + 1.20mEg/kg (maximum 20mEg/kg) and density of 0.79 + 0.01g/ml, with satisfactory results in quality assessment. Quantification of carotenoids in A. phalerata pulp oil determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). was 308.1 (+ 0.10 mg/m!l). In the characterization of the hypovitaminosis A animal model in the first 45 days of insult, the body mass weight of animals with VAD was lower, and when analyzing glycemia, glycogen and lipid content, it was higher in the VAD group, as well as the carbonyl proteins. The oil ffom the A. phalerata pulp was used in the recovery of cellular damage caused by the nutritional insult of DVA. In the recovery phase, the treated groups showed an increase in body mass compared to the DVA group. In the analysis of biochemical parameters the fraction of cholesterol in the blood, LDL cholesterol among treated groups, the OA group was 6% lower compared to BC. VLDL cholesterol was 67% higher in the AO group. The hepatic blood marker, ALT of treated groups were lower, 9% OA and 3% BC group compared to DVA. When analyzing the markers of oxidative damage, the concentration of carbonyl proteins in the OA group was 233% higher when compared to the C group and in the BC group it was 59% lower compared to the OA group. It is concluded that the oil obtained from the pulp of A. phalerata can be considered an efficient source of B-carotene in the recovery of body mass gain. Although the oil recovery was not enough to improve the oxidative parameters caused by the nutritional insult.