Sistemas puros e integrados de produção agropecuária para melhoria da qualidade de solo arenoso no Cerrado

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Rafael Loverde
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/3794
• topic: Manejo; Cerrado; Diversidade; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS; Management; Cerrado; Diversity

Crop intercropping allows insertion of diversity in the system by cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same area, thus including species variety, which contributes to changes in decomposition rates, nutrient cycling and incorporation of organic carbon, promoting increment in soil quality. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to evaluate combinations of management systems with increasing levels of crop diversity and rotation to improve the quality of sandy soils. The experiment was installed in October 2017 in an experimental area of the Mato Grosso Cotton Institute in the city of Rondonópolis / MT, with the implementation of six treatments that consisted of combinations of soil management systems with increasing levels of plant diversity and rotation, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. T1: cotton in summer followed by fallow; T2: summer soybean followed by corn in the fall; T3: single pasture followed by intercropping corn in the fall; T4: pasture intercropped for 12 months; T5: summer soybean followed by intercropping pasture; T6: soy in summer followed by pasture intercropped with grazing animals in the fall. The greatest effect of the management systems in the SOM was observed in the layers up to 10 cm deep, being the treatments with greater diversity (T6) and time of U. ruziziensis permanence (T4) that presented the best results for the evaluated attributes. Soil microbial biomass (SMB) was impaired by the monoculture system (T1), presenting up to 12.7 times less carbon, while maintaining high basal respiration, resulting in a metabolic quotient 20 times higher compared to other systems. SMB nitrogen and enzymatic activity was higher in the treatment with higher phytomass and culture residence time (T4). Principal component analysis showed greater influence of SMB attributes and enzymatic activity on the explanation of the total data variation. The character index showed T4 superiority in improving soil quality, while the treatment with cotton monoculture (T1) presented the worst attributes. Combinations of management systems with increasing levels of crop diversity and rotation positively influenced the quality attributes of a Quartzipsamments Entisols in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso.