A METODOLOGIA DA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS E O ENSINO DE ESTATÍSTICA NO NONO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

• Autor(a) principal: Vargas, Glaucia Garcia Bandeira de
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional Universidade Franciscana
• Texto Completo: http://tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/134; http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/373
• topic: Ensino de Estatística; Resolução de Problemas; Medidas de Tendência Central; teaching statistical; Problem-solving; measures of central tendency; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::MATEMATICA

This paper, developed in the Physics and Mathematics Master‟s degree at Centro Universitário Franciscano UNIFRA, has the objective of investigating the Methodology of Problem-solving in the Statistics teaching for the students at the ninth grade of the elementary school. The starting point is the certification that Statistics is normally put in second place in a classroom, despite being recommended by the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs). Besides that, it has been proved effective as a tool of reality comprehension, critical spirit development and, also, having an interdisciplinary role. The research, developed with the students at the ninth grade of a public school in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, used the methodology of qualitative approach and the Problem-solving method proposed by Onuchic e Allevato (2009). In six meetings of two hours each, some charts concepts, graphics and Measures of central tendency (mean, median and mode) were used from the applied problems based in nine steps defined by the authors. The raw-material of the problems were socioeconomic data of the students‟ family obtained from a questionnaire inspired in 2010 Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). This way, it was aimed to apply statistical knowledge to the students‟ reality. The work development confirmed the premise that the statistics is not appreciated during the elementary school, as at the last year of this phase, the students show elementary difficulties in tasks like reading statistical data, creating graphics from charts and elaborate conclusions and comparisons of data statistically exposed. This unawareness, caused by the absence of the subject in the class program, is partly compensated by the fact of statistics being present in the students‟ routine, by the press and other social segment. Fortunately, it was possible to consolidate with the students some knowledge about basic concepts, capacity of data reading and charts construction and also statistical concept understanding. This start point has shown, during this work, a base which it is possible to construct a more elaborated knowledge. In this sense, two factors contributed: 1) the application of problem-solving methodology for statistics, creating an environment of curiosity for some students, who felt challenged to overcome the obstacles proposed in the problems; 2) the adoption of raw material excerpted from the students‟ reality (questionnaire responses with socioeconomics data from their families and Census 2010 official figures) to construct the problem-situations which were the base to the work development. At the end of the meetings, it was possible to identify that the students had a progress in their knowledge about statistics, borrow some concepts and realized how valuable those concepts were as a tool of reading and reality comprehension, which is a crucial start point for the adoption of an attitude that seeks social and economics transformations which can be positive in the lives of the students and their families.