Na ponta dos dedos: conhecendo o corpo humano sob o olhar sensível dos deficientes visuais

• Autor(a) principal: Canto, Maria Guadalupe Couto do
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional Universidade Franciscana
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/745
• topic: Ensino de Biologia; Produto Educacional; Corpo Humano; Acessibilidade pedagógica; Inclusão escolar.; Biology Teaching; Educational Product; Human Body; Pedagogical accessibility; School inclusion.; Ciências e Matemática

This study is part of the research line Teaching and Learning in Science and Mathematics, of the Graduate Program in Teaching Science and Mathematics, and aims to develop a didactic material to teach about the anatomy of the main organs of the systems of the human body for visually impaired (blind and low vision), in order to contribute to the Sciences/Biology teaching and learning. First of all, it was necessary to approach with visually impaired people, to know the reality of a blind person's daily life, and to teach them learning. For this I became a volunteer in the Association of Blind and Visually Impaired (ACDV), where I would apply my work in the future. From this, I carried the organs of the human body study´s, in the specialized literature. After that, I took a sewing course and began the prototyping construction, until reaching the definitive models, when the organs of the different human systems of the human body were elaborated and made in a mesh fabric, and filled with seeds of millet of grass. The texture, dimensions and weight of the organs, obtained through studies in specialized literature, were considered for the preparation of the models, which were analyzed and evaluated by a group of blind or low vision people, who attend the Association of the Blind and the Visually Impaired (ACDV), in the municipality of Santa Maria, RS. This analysis and evaluation took place in six meetings held at the ACDV, and followed a methodological strategy integrated by three moments, namely: explanation, contact with concrete, and representation. The first moment, the explanation, had the objective to contextualize the subject that would be worked on in the meeting. In the second, contact with the concrete, the visually impaired had the opportunity to grope the models to perceive them, and understand their shape, size, weight. And the third moment, representation, was aimed at verifying the understanding that the visually impaired had in relation to the explanations, and what they managed to apprehend with the contact with the models. At that point, the biscuit mass was made available, and they were challenged to mold organs of the human body, which they had known through touch. The three moments were conducted through dialogue. It was noticed that there was understanding by the visually impaired of the models, and that their manipulation aroused a lot of curiosity and several questions. The elaborated models were designed, produced and, after being tested, we believe that they constitute a differentiated tool, and an adequate didactic resource for the teaching of sciences and biology, since most of the participants appropriated a concrete concept, that made possible the construction of a mental representation. However, it is worth mentioning that in the participants with congenital blindness, there was no abstract concept, mainly because they did not have residual vision, and because the time in which they could handle the models was not enough to memorize them. Thus, we consider that the proposed models constitute potential didactic resources for the teaching and learning of the human body, which can be easily made and can assist in the pedagogical practice of the teacher, especially those with visually impaired students included in their classrooms.