Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras

• Autor(a) principal: Dias, Rodrigo Barbosa Brito
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15399
• topic: Campos eletromagnéticos; Ambientes domésticos; Transformador de energia elétrica; Morfologia urbana; Electromagnetic fields; Domestic environments; Electric power transformer; Urban morphology; Radiação não ionizante - Ambientes domésticos; Transformador de energia elétrica; Níveis de radiação - Residências verticais - João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasília e Joinville. Brasil.; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO

Introduction: Non-ionizing radiation (INR) is increasingly present in the daily lives of the population. There are several types of sources that emit INR ranging from mobile sources such as mobile phones to fixed sources such as power transformers and transmission lines. Associated with the comfort and well-being provided by technological advances, some epidemiological problems arise due to exposure to low frequency INR for long periods of time. Consistent epidemiological studies associate the emergence of childhood leukemia to residential exposure to INR, it is therefore important to investigate the factors responsible for exposure of the domestic environment to high levels of non-ionizing radiation, taking into consideration the sources of INRs internal to the residence and sources outside the home environment. Objective: To analyze the levels of non - ionizing radiation in residential environments of vertical buildings in areas of Brazilian regions. Methodology: Measurements of INR were performed in the adjacent living quarters (room, living room, kitchen, living room) adjacent to the electric power transformer located in neighborhoods of João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasilia and Joinville. INR intensity data at the 60 Hz frequency were measured using the Spectran NF-5035 apparatus located near the entrance door of each environment over a 24hour period. Afterwards the behavior over time of the levels of INR through probabilistic distribution was analyzed, and comparisons were made between the measurements of each environment from graphical descriptive analyzes and through the statistical tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney, α = 0, 05. Taking into account the power of the energy transformer adjacent to the residence and the proximity between the buildings, the cartographic databases of the municipalities were evaluated the environment of buildings whose environments had elevated levels of non-ionizing radiation and / or with oscillations over a certain period of time. Finally, in order to verify if in the neighborhoods where the measurements were taken there are cases of childhood leukemia, the number of occurrence of childhood leukemia was raised through the National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results: (1) The behavior of RNI levels in the environments followed the log-normal probabilistic distribution; (2) The "kitchen" and "room-kitchen" environments presented high levels of INR intensity (1.07-1.56μT); (2) RNI levels (1.112μT) in the living room environment of a residence in the Manaíra neighborhood, João Pessoa, were higher than the other environments; (3) INR levels in the environments of a building in the city of Águas Claras, Brasilia, recorded levels of 1.99μT but with oscillations around 1 to 6 μT; (4) RNI levels in the fourth room of a building in the neighborhood Aleixo, Manaus, obtained levels of 2 μT but with oscillations around 0.8 to 12 μT; and (5) In cities where RNI levels were measured 77 cases of childhood leukemia were recorded in João Pessoa between 2005 and 2012; between 2005 and 2009 the number is 148 in Manaus; between 2005 and 2006 there were 52 cases in Brasília; and 18 cases in Teresina. Conclusion: The levels of INR intensity in adjacent or non-electric household transformers were higher than 0.4 μT, contrary to the minimum limits of INR based on international studies of several researchers. It was verified that if the levels of INR in the residential environments are higher in average to 1.23μT then these residences are adjacent to transformer of electrical energy; and the intensity of these levels will be high in the residential environments if their locations are between several buildings, which makes it difficult to reflect the radiation back to the atmosphere.