Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15399 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Non-ionizing radiation (INR) is increasingly present in the daily lives of the population. There are several types of sources that emit INR ranging from mobile sources such as mobile phones to fixed sources such as power transformers and transmission lines. Associated with the comfort and well-being provided by technological advances, some epidemiological problems arise due to exposure to low frequency INR for long periods of time. Consistent epidemiological studies associate the emergence of childhood leukemia to residential exposure to INR, it is therefore important to investigate the factors responsible for exposure of the domestic environment to high levels of non-ionizing radiation, taking into consideration the sources of INRs internal to the residence and sources outside the home environment. Objective: To analyze the levels of non - ionizing radiation in residential environments of vertical buildings in areas of Brazilian regions. Methodology: Measurements of INR were performed in the adjacent living quarters (room, living room, kitchen, living room) adjacent to the electric power transformer located in neighborhoods of João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasilia and Joinville. INR intensity data at the 60 Hz frequency were measured using the Spectran NF-5035 apparatus located near the entrance door of each environment over a 24hour period. Afterwards the behavior over time of the levels of INR through probabilistic distribution was analyzed, and comparisons were made between the measurements of each environment from graphical descriptive analyzes and through the statistical tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney, α = 0, 05. Taking into account the power of the energy transformer adjacent to the residence and the proximity between the buildings, the cartographic databases of the municipalities were evaluated the environment of buildings whose environments had elevated levels of non-ionizing radiation and / or with oscillations over a certain period of time. Finally, in order to verify if in the neighborhoods where the measurements were taken there are cases of childhood leukemia, the number of occurrence of childhood leukemia was raised through the National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results: (1) The behavior of RNI levels in the environments followed the log-normal probabilistic distribution; (2) The "kitchen" and "room-kitchen" environments presented high levels of INR intensity (1.07-1.56μT); (2) RNI levels (1.112μT) in the living room environment of a residence in the Manaíra neighborhood, João Pessoa, were higher than the other environments; (3) INR levels in the environments of a building in the city of Águas Claras, Brasilia, recorded levels of 1.99μT but with oscillations around 1 to 6 μT; (4) RNI levels in the fourth room of a building in the neighborhood Aleixo, Manaus, obtained levels of 2 μT but with oscillations around 0.8 to 12 μT; and (5) In cities where RNI levels were measured 77 cases of childhood leukemia were recorded in João Pessoa between 2005 and 2012; between 2005 and 2009 the number is 148 in Manaus; between 2005 and 2006 there were 52 cases in Brasília; and 18 cases in Teresina. Conclusion: The levels of INR intensity in adjacent or non-electric household transformers were higher than 0.4 μT, contrary to the minimum limits of INR based on international studies of several researchers. It was verified that if the levels of INR in the residential environments are higher in average to 1.23μT then these residences are adjacent to transformer of electrical energy; and the intensity of these levels will be high in the residential environments if their locations are between several buildings, which makes it difficult to reflect the radiation back to the atmosphere. |
id |
UFPB_2f19bc3c07eee6db092fea5da32d4dfe |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/15399 |
network_acronym_str |
UFPB |
network_name_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileirasCampos eletromagnéticosAmbientes domésticosTransformador de energia elétricaMorfologia urbanaElectromagnetic fieldsDomestic environmentsElectric power transformerUrban morphologyRadiação não ionizante - Ambientes domésticosTransformador de energia elétricaNíveis de radiação - Residências verticais - João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasília e Joinville. Brasil.CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAOIntroduction: Non-ionizing radiation (INR) is increasingly present in the daily lives of the population. There are several types of sources that emit INR ranging from mobile sources such as mobile phones to fixed sources such as power transformers and transmission lines. Associated with the comfort and well-being provided by technological advances, some epidemiological problems arise due to exposure to low frequency INR for long periods of time. Consistent epidemiological studies associate the emergence of childhood leukemia to residential exposure to INR, it is therefore important to investigate the factors responsible for exposure of the domestic environment to high levels of non-ionizing radiation, taking into consideration the sources of INRs internal to the residence and sources outside the home environment. Objective: To analyze the levels of non - ionizing radiation in residential environments of vertical buildings in areas of Brazilian regions. Methodology: Measurements of INR were performed in the adjacent living quarters (room, living room, kitchen, living room) adjacent to the electric power transformer located in neighborhoods of João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasilia and Joinville. INR intensity data at the 60 Hz frequency were measured using the Spectran NF-5035 apparatus located near the entrance door of each environment over a 24hour period. Afterwards the behavior over time of the levels of INR through probabilistic distribution was analyzed, and comparisons were made between the measurements of each environment from graphical descriptive analyzes and through the statistical tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney, α = 0, 05. Taking into account the power of the energy transformer adjacent to the residence and the proximity between the buildings, the cartographic databases of the municipalities were evaluated the environment of buildings whose environments had elevated levels of non-ionizing radiation and / or with oscillations over a certain period of time. Finally, in order to verify if in the neighborhoods where the measurements were taken there are cases of childhood leukemia, the number of occurrence of childhood leukemia was raised through the National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results: (1) The behavior of RNI levels in the environments followed the log-normal probabilistic distribution; (2) The "kitchen" and "room-kitchen" environments presented high levels of INR intensity (1.07-1.56μT); (2) RNI levels (1.112μT) in the living room environment of a residence in the Manaíra neighborhood, João Pessoa, were higher than the other environments; (3) INR levels in the environments of a building in the city of Águas Claras, Brasilia, recorded levels of 1.99μT but with oscillations around 1 to 6 μT; (4) RNI levels in the fourth room of a building in the neighborhood Aleixo, Manaus, obtained levels of 2 μT but with oscillations around 0.8 to 12 μT; and (5) In cities where RNI levels were measured 77 cases of childhood leukemia were recorded in João Pessoa between 2005 and 2012; between 2005 and 2009 the number is 148 in Manaus; between 2005 and 2006 there were 52 cases in Brasília; and 18 cases in Teresina. Conclusion: The levels of INR intensity in adjacent or non-electric household transformers were higher than 0.4 μT, contrary to the minimum limits of INR based on international studies of several researchers. It was verified that if the levels of INR in the residential environments are higher in average to 1.23μT then these residences are adjacent to transformer of electrical energy; and the intensity of these levels will be high in the residential environments if their locations are between several buildings, which makes it difficult to reflect the radiation back to the atmosphere.NenhumaIntrodução: A radiação não ionizante (RNI) está cada vez mais presente no cotidiano da população. Diversos são os tipos de fontes emissoras de RNI que vão desde fontes móveis como aparelhos celulares à fontes fixas como transformadores de energia elétrica e linhas de transmissão. Associado ao conforto e bem-estar proporcionado pelos avanços tecnológicos surgem alguns problemas epidemiológicos devido a exposição à RNI de baixa frequência durante longos períodos de tempo. Consistentes estudos epidemiológicos associam o surgimento da leucemia infantil à exposição residencial a RNI, torna-se assim importante investigar quais os fatores responsáveis pela exposição do ambiente doméstico a elevados níveis de radiação não ionizante, levando em consideração às fontes emissoras de RNI internas à residência e as fontes externas ao ambiente domiciliar. Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de radiação não ionizante nos ambientes residenciais de edificações verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras. Metodologia: As medições de RNI foram realizadas nos ambientes (quarto, sala, cozinha, sala-cozinha) residenciais adjacentes ou não a transformador de energia elétrica localizadas em bairros das cidades de João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasília e de Joinville. Os níveis de intensidade de RNI na frequência de 60 Hz foram mensurados através do aparelho “Spectran NF-5035” localizado próximo à porta de entrada de cada ambiente durante um período de 24 horas. Posteriormente analisou-se o comportamento ao longo do tempo dos niveis de RNI através de distribuição probabilística, e comparações foram realizadas entre as medições de cada ambiente a partir de análises descritivas gráficas e através dos testes estatísticos Kruskal Wallis e Mann-Whitney, α=0,05. Levando-se em consideração a potência do transformador de energia adjacente à residência e a proximidade entre os edificíos avaliou-se, através das bases de dados cartográficas das prefeituras municipais, o entorno de edificações cujos seus ambientes apresentaram níveis de radiação não ionizante elevados e/ou com oscilações em certo intervalo de tempo. Por fim, no sentido de verificar se nos bairros onde foram realizadas as medições há casos de leucemia infantil, levantou-se o número de ocorrência de leucemia infantil através Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA). Resultados: (1) O comportamento dos níveis de RNI nos ambientes seguiram a distribuição probabilística log-normal; (2) Os ambientes “cozinha” e “sala-cozinha” apresentaram níveis de intensidade de RNI elevados (entre 1,07 e1,56µT); (2) Os níveis de RNI (1,112µT) no ambiente “sala” de uma residência no bairro Manaíra, João Pessoa, foram superiores aos demais ambientes; (3) Os níveis de RNI nos ambientes de uma edificação da cidade satélite Águas Claras, Brasília foram de 1,99µT mas com oscilações em torno de 1 a 6 µT; (4) Os níveis de RNI no ambiente quarto de uma edificação do bairro Aleixo, Manaus foram de 2 µT mas com oscilações em torno de 0,8 a 12 µT; e (5) Nas cidades onde foram realizadas as medições de RNI registraram-se 77 casos de leucemia infantil em João Pessoa entre os anos 2005 e 2012; entre os anos 2005 e 2009 o número é de 148 em Manaus; entre os anos 2005 e 2006 registraram-se 52 casos em Brasília e 18 casos em Teresina. Conclusão: Os níveis de intensidade de RNI nos ambientes das residências adjacentes ou não a transformadores de energia elétrica foram superiores à 0,4 µT, contrariando os limites mínimos de RNI baseados em estudos internacionais de diversos pesquisadores. Constatou-se que se os níveis de RNI nos ambientes residenciais são superiores em média a 1,23µT então estas residências são adjacentes a transformador de energia elétrica; e a intensidade desses níveis será elevada nos ambientes residenciais se suas localizações estiverem entre diversas edificações, o que dificulta a reflexão da radiação de volta à atmosfera.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilEngenharia de ProduçãoPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de ProduçãoUFPBSilva, Luiz Bueno dahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1455327957816397Dias, Rodrigo Barbosa Brito2019-08-27T18:22:34Z2019-02-152019-08-27T18:22:34Z2018-02-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15399porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-08-27T18:22:34Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/15399Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-08-27T18:22:34Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
title |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras Dias, Rodrigo Barbosa Brito Campos eletromagnéticos Ambientes domésticos Transformador de energia elétrica Morfologia urbana Electromagnetic fields Domestic environments Electric power transformer Urban morphology Radiação não ionizante - Ambientes domésticos Transformador de energia elétrica Níveis de radiação - Residências verticais - João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasília e Joinville. Brasil. CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO |
title_short |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
title_full |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
title_sort |
Avaliação dos níveis de radiação não ionizante de residências verticais em áreas das regiões brasileiras |
author |
Dias, Rodrigo Barbosa Brito |
author_facet |
Dias, Rodrigo Barbosa Brito |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Luiz Bueno da http://lattes.cnpq.br/1455327957816397 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Dias, Rodrigo Barbosa Brito |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Campos eletromagnéticos Ambientes domésticos Transformador de energia elétrica Morfologia urbana Electromagnetic fields Domestic environments Electric power transformer Urban morphology Radiação não ionizante - Ambientes domésticos Transformador de energia elétrica Níveis de radiação - Residências verticais - João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasília e Joinville. Brasil. CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO |
topic |
Campos eletromagnéticos Ambientes domésticos Transformador de energia elétrica Morfologia urbana Electromagnetic fields Domestic environments Electric power transformer Urban morphology Radiação não ionizante - Ambientes domésticos Transformador de energia elétrica Níveis de radiação - Residências verticais - João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasília e Joinville. Brasil. CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE PRODUCAO |
description |
Introduction: Non-ionizing radiation (INR) is increasingly present in the daily lives of the population. There are several types of sources that emit INR ranging from mobile sources such as mobile phones to fixed sources such as power transformers and transmission lines. Associated with the comfort and well-being provided by technological advances, some epidemiological problems arise due to exposure to low frequency INR for long periods of time. Consistent epidemiological studies associate the emergence of childhood leukemia to residential exposure to INR, it is therefore important to investigate the factors responsible for exposure of the domestic environment to high levels of non-ionizing radiation, taking into consideration the sources of INRs internal to the residence and sources outside the home environment. Objective: To analyze the levels of non - ionizing radiation in residential environments of vertical buildings in areas of Brazilian regions. Methodology: Measurements of INR were performed in the adjacent living quarters (room, living room, kitchen, living room) adjacent to the electric power transformer located in neighborhoods of João Pessoa, Teresina, Manaus, Brasilia and Joinville. INR intensity data at the 60 Hz frequency were measured using the Spectran NF-5035 apparatus located near the entrance door of each environment over a 24hour period. Afterwards the behavior over time of the levels of INR through probabilistic distribution was analyzed, and comparisons were made between the measurements of each environment from graphical descriptive analyzes and through the statistical tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney, α = 0, 05. Taking into account the power of the energy transformer adjacent to the residence and the proximity between the buildings, the cartographic databases of the municipalities were evaluated the environment of buildings whose environments had elevated levels of non-ionizing radiation and / or with oscillations over a certain period of time. Finally, in order to verify if in the neighborhoods where the measurements were taken there are cases of childhood leukemia, the number of occurrence of childhood leukemia was raised through the National Cancer Institute (INCA). Results: (1) The behavior of RNI levels in the environments followed the log-normal probabilistic distribution; (2) The "kitchen" and "room-kitchen" environments presented high levels of INR intensity (1.07-1.56μT); (2) RNI levels (1.112μT) in the living room environment of a residence in the Manaíra neighborhood, João Pessoa, were higher than the other environments; (3) INR levels in the environments of a building in the city of Águas Claras, Brasilia, recorded levels of 1.99μT but with oscillations around 1 to 6 μT; (4) RNI levels in the fourth room of a building in the neighborhood Aleixo, Manaus, obtained levels of 2 μT but with oscillations around 0.8 to 12 μT; and (5) In cities where RNI levels were measured 77 cases of childhood leukemia were recorded in João Pessoa between 2005 and 2012; between 2005 and 2009 the number is 148 in Manaus; between 2005 and 2006 there were 52 cases in Brasília; and 18 cases in Teresina. Conclusion: The levels of INR intensity in adjacent or non-electric household transformers were higher than 0.4 μT, contrary to the minimum limits of INR based on international studies of several researchers. It was verified that if the levels of INR in the residential environments are higher in average to 1.23μT then these residences are adjacent to transformer of electrical energy; and the intensity of these levels will be high in the residential environments if their locations are between several buildings, which makes it difficult to reflect the radiation back to the atmosphere. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-02-28 2019-08-27T18:22:34Z 2019-02-15 2019-08-27T18:22:34Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15399 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15399 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Engenharia de Produção Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Engenharia de Produção Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção UFPB |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
instacron_str |
UFPB |
institution |
UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
_version_ |
1801842953260367872 |