Honra, valores humanos e traços de personalidade: a influência cultural

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Rafaella de Carvalho Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9089
• topic: Honra; Valores humanos; Personalidade; Cultura; Honor; Human values; Personality; Culture; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

The current thesis aimed at understanding the influence of different cultural contexts on honor concerns, human values and personality traits. More specifically, it aimed at developing an explanatory model where personality traits predict human values, and these explain honor concerns, being mediated by the cultural context. The specific goals were to: (1) evaluate the relationship between these constructs; (2) compare the cultural influence of capitals, countryside cities, and Brazilian regions; e (3) develop a cross-cultural comparison between Brazil and New Zealand. For that, three empirical studies were developed, using the following measures: Honor Concerns Scale, Basic Values Survey, and the Big Five Inventory. Study 1 had the goal to map these constructs over the Brazilian context, aiming at knowing how they would behave in different geographical levels of Brazil. For this study, the sample was composed by 7,024 people from 24 states of Brazil (North = 1,479, Northeast = 2.806, Midwest = 958, Southeast = 956, and South = 825). The results point to a good level of cultural variability among the regions for all the constructs, especially regarding the types of honor concerns: family [F (4, 7019) = 41.343, p < .001, η2 partial = .023], social [F (4, 7019) = 6.222, p < .001, η2 partial = .004], feminine [F (4, 7019) = 60.214, p < .001, η2 partial = .033] and masculine [F (4, 7019) = 57.262, p < .001, η2 partial = .032], corroborating the hypothesis that this would be the construct to present more variability. Once the variations and national profiles were designed, Study 2 aimed at evaluating the direct relation between the constructs, with the same sample previously described being used. The results demonstrated a concise explanatory model, where personality served as independent variable, and humans values as the mediator in the explanation of honor in all regions. The free model [Sχ2 (60) 339.95, CFI = .98, TLI = .91, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .05 (.05 - .06)] and the constrained model [Sχ2 (268) 836.09, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, SRMR = .04, RMSEA = .04 (.03 - .04)] presented satisfactory fit indices. Finally, in Study 3 the goal was to replicate these findings in a cross-cultural level, considering a sample from New Zealand, composed by 196 participants and randomly selected samples from all the regions of Brazil. The results pointed to a significant cultural variability between the countries regarding personality [F (25, 4373) = 5.587, p < .001; Λ Wilks = .89, η2 partial = .023], values [F (30, 5840) = 18.509, p < .001, Λ Wilks = .64, η2 partial = .086] and honor concerns [F (20, 3881) = 12.654, p < .001, Λ Wilks = .81, η2 partial = .051]. Regarding the specific scores, it was observed that the region more similar to New Zealand was the South. Referring to the replication of the model, the free model [Sχ2 (72) 145,82, CFI = .97, TLI = .87, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .07 (.05 - .09)], the constrained model [Sχ2 (262) 414.09, CFI = .94, TLI = .93, SRMR = .10, RMSEA = .05 (.04 - .06)] and partially constrained [Sχ2 (262) 374.28, CFI = .96, TLI = .94, SRMR = .10, RMSEA = .05 (.03 - .06)] presented satisfactory fit indices. Having said that, it is concluded that the current thesis reached its general goals of demonstrating the importance of culture for personality, values and honor in a national and international context, besides showing the direct relationship between these three constructs.