Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo
Data de Publicação: 2017
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13772
Resumo: The present thesis aimed at evaluating different aspects of attitudes towards victims of rape, and its relation with personality, human values, honor, and sexism. Thus, one theoretical paper and four empirical papers were elaborated. Paper 1 discussed rape, focusing on attitudes towards victims, and the psychological and socio-cultural consequences of these attitudes. Next, two empirical studies were performed (paper 2 and paper 3) an instrument adaptation and validation for the Brazilian context. More precisely, in Paper 2, the validation and verification of the “Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale (ARVS)” were performed through two studies. The first one counted on 200 participants with mean age of 21.8 years old (SD = 5.27), in which a principal components analysis was performed, pointing out to a three components structure that explained 39.02% of the total variance. This structure presented adequate internal consistency indices, as it follows: credibility of the victim (α = .82), deserving of the victim (α = .80) and the victim's fault (α = .60). In Study 2, 231 university students participated, presenting a mean age of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), where a confirmatory factorial analysis was performed, corroborating the three factor structure of this measure [e.g. GFI = .86, RMSEA = .05 (IC90% = .044-.062)]. Paper 3 aimed at adapting the Sexual Machism Scale for the Brazilian context, gathering evidences of its psychometric parameters, also composed by two studies. Participants were 231 students (study 1), and 200 people from the general population (study 2), with mean ages of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), and 21.8 years old (DP = 5.27), respectively. As results, a one-factor solution was found, with satisfactory indicators of internal consistency (α = .81 and α = .76), and convergent validity with the factors of Hostile Sexism and Benevolent Sexism from the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis corroborated such preconized dimension [e.g., CFI = .97 and RMSEA = .02 (IC90% = .075-.104)]. Paper 4 assessed the correlates of attitudes towards victims of rape, developing an explicative model with sexism, honor concerns, human values, and personality traits as independent variables. A 212 sample of people from the city of Patos-PB was used, with mean age of 24.9 (SD = 9.58). Through linear regressions, an explicative model was proposed, where personality traits (extroversion and neuroticism) would predict human values (interactive and existence), honor concerns (male honor) and sexism, and these, then, would explain attitudes towards victims of rape. The model presented the following fit indices: χ²/gl = 2.75, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .87 and RMSEA = .09 (IC90% = .065 – .011); pointing out to a satisfactory adjustment of this model. Finally, Paper 5 investigated the relation amongst the victims’ values, the environment they were in, and the respondents’ gender. Participants were 200 people, with mean age of 22.4 years old (SD = 8.37), who after the reading of scenarios of a woman’s rape, answered questions related to the violence situation described in the scenario. As a result, significant differences were found regarding male respondents, with a higher level of male’s blame when the victim was described as prioritizing interactive and normative values compared to excitement and promotion values. On the other hand, women attributed the blame more significantly to men when the victim was described as having high promotion and normative values instead of excitement values. We are confident that contributions were given to this literature field, promoting two short measures, more specifically one evaluation attitudes towards victims of rape, and another one regarding sexism. Furthermore, an explicative model of attitudes towards victims of rape was developed, and the influence of human values on the blame for rape situations was tested.
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spelling Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicasEstuproMachismoValoresHonraPersonalidadeRapeSexismValuesHonorPersonalityPersonalidadCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIAThe present thesis aimed at evaluating different aspects of attitudes towards victims of rape, and its relation with personality, human values, honor, and sexism. Thus, one theoretical paper and four empirical papers were elaborated. Paper 1 discussed rape, focusing on attitudes towards victims, and the psychological and socio-cultural consequences of these attitudes. Next, two empirical studies were performed (paper 2 and paper 3) an instrument adaptation and validation for the Brazilian context. More precisely, in Paper 2, the validation and verification of the “Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale (ARVS)” were performed through two studies. The first one counted on 200 participants with mean age of 21.8 years old (SD = 5.27), in which a principal components analysis was performed, pointing out to a three components structure that explained 39.02% of the total variance. This structure presented adequate internal consistency indices, as it follows: credibility of the victim (α = .82), deserving of the victim (α = .80) and the victim's fault (α = .60). In Study 2, 231 university students participated, presenting a mean age of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), where a confirmatory factorial analysis was performed, corroborating the three factor structure of this measure [e.g. GFI = .86, RMSEA = .05 (IC90% = .044-.062)]. Paper 3 aimed at adapting the Sexual Machism Scale for the Brazilian context, gathering evidences of its psychometric parameters, also composed by two studies. Participants were 231 students (study 1), and 200 people from the general population (study 2), with mean ages of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), and 21.8 years old (DP = 5.27), respectively. As results, a one-factor solution was found, with satisfactory indicators of internal consistency (α = .81 and α = .76), and convergent validity with the factors of Hostile Sexism and Benevolent Sexism from the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis corroborated such preconized dimension [e.g., CFI = .97 and RMSEA = .02 (IC90% = .075-.104)]. Paper 4 assessed the correlates of attitudes towards victims of rape, developing an explicative model with sexism, honor concerns, human values, and personality traits as independent variables. A 212 sample of people from the city of Patos-PB was used, with mean age of 24.9 (SD = 9.58). Through linear regressions, an explicative model was proposed, where personality traits (extroversion and neuroticism) would predict human values (interactive and existence), honor concerns (male honor) and sexism, and these, then, would explain attitudes towards victims of rape. The model presented the following fit indices: χ²/gl = 2.75, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .87 and RMSEA = .09 (IC90% = .065 – .011); pointing out to a satisfactory adjustment of this model. Finally, Paper 5 investigated the relation amongst the victims’ values, the environment they were in, and the respondents’ gender. Participants were 200 people, with mean age of 22.4 years old (SD = 8.37), who after the reading of scenarios of a woman’s rape, answered questions related to the violence situation described in the scenario. As a result, significant differences were found regarding male respondents, with a higher level of male’s blame when the victim was described as prioritizing interactive and normative values compared to excitement and promotion values. On the other hand, women attributed the blame more significantly to men when the victim was described as having high promotion and normative values instead of excitement values. We are confident that contributions were given to this literature field, promoting two short measures, more specifically one evaluation attitudes towards victims of rape, and another one regarding sexism. Furthermore, an explicative model of attitudes towards victims of rape was developed, and the influence of human values on the blame for rape situations was tested.La presente tesis objetivó evaluar diferentes aspectos de las actitudes hacia las víctimas de estupro y sus relaciones con rasgos de personalidad, valores humanos, honor y machismo. Para ello, se elaboraron un artículo teórico y cuatro empíricos. El artículo 1 discutió el estupro, enfocándose en las actitudes hacia las víctimas, y las consecuencias psicológicas y socioculturales de esas actitudes. A continuación, se realizaron dos estudios empíricos (artículo 2) y (artículo 3) de adaptación y validación de instrumentos psicológicos para el contexto brasileño. Precisamente, el Artículo 2 realizó el proceso de validación y comprobación de la estructura de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la víctima de estupro (EAVE) por medio de dos estudios; en el primero, participaron 200 personas, con promedio de edad de 21,8 años (DE = 5,27), en el cual se realizó un análisis de los componentes principales apuntando a una estructura de tres componentes que explicaron conjuntamente el 39,02% de la varianza total, presentando índices de consistencia interna adecuados, como sigue: credibilidad de la víctima (α = 0,82), merecimiento de la víctima (α = 0,80) y culpa de la víctima (α = 0,60). En el estudio 2 participaron 231 estudiantes universitarios, presentando un promedio de edad de 21,6 años (DE = 4,02), se efectuó un análisis factorial confirmatorio que corroboró la estructura trifactorial (e.g., GFI = 0,86, RMSEA = 0,05 (IC90% = 0,044-0,062)] de esa medida. El Artículo 3 objetivó adaptar la Escala de Machismo Sexual para el contexto brasileño, reuniendo evidencias de sus parámetros psicométricos, siendo también compuesto de dos estudios. Participaron 231 estudiantes universitarios (Estudio 1) y 200 personas de la población general (Estudio 2), con promedios de edad de 21,6 (DE = 4,02) y 21,8 (DE = 5,27), respectivamente. Como resultados, se encontró una solución unifactorial, con indicadores satisfactorios de consistencia interna (α = 0,81 y α = 0,76) y validez convergente con los factores Sexismo Hostil y Sexismo Benévolo de la Escala de Sexismo Ambivalente. Además, un análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró tal dimensión preconizada [e.g., CFI = 0,97 y RMSEA = 0,02 (IC90% = 0,075-0,104)]. El Artículo 4 evaluó los correlatos de las actitudes hacia las víctimas de estupro, construyendo un modelo explicativo teniendo como variables independientes el machismo, la preocupación con el honor, los valores humanos y los rasgos de personalidad. Utilizando una muestra de 212 personas de la ciudad de Patos-PB, con un promedio de edad de 24,9 (DE = 9,58). A partir de la realización de regresiones lineales, se propuso un modelo explicativo en el cual los rasgos de personalidad (extroversión y neuroticismo) predijeron los valores (interactivo y existencia) y la preocupación con el honor (honor masculino) y el machismo, y esos por a su vez explicaron las actitudes hacia las víctimas de estupro. El modelo presentó los siguientes indicadores de calidad: χ² / gl = 2,75, GFI = 0,94, AGFI = 0,90, CFI = 0,87 y RMSEA = 0,09 (IC90% = 0,065 - 0,011); apuntando para un ajuste satisfactorio de este modelo. Por último, el Artículo 5 investigó la relación entre los valores de la víctima, el ambiente donde estaba y el género de los encuestados de la investigación. Participaron 200 personas, con promedio de edad de 22,4 años (DE = 8,37) que después de la lectura de escenarios de estupro de una mujer, respondieron cuestiones relativas a la situación de violencia descrita en el escenario. Como resultado, hubo diferencia significativa en los respondedores del sexo masculino, en el nivel mayor de culpabilización del hombre cuando la víctima fue descrita priorizando valores interactivos y normativos comparado con valores de experimentación y realización. Mientras que las mujeres atribuyeron significativamente más culpa al hombre cuando la víctima fue descrita con valores de realización y normativo que valores de experimentación. Se confía ter contribuido a la literatura en el área, proporcionando dos medidas breves, específicamente una de evaluación de las actitudes hacia las víctimas de estupro y otra de machismo, fue construyendo un modelo explicativo de las actitudes hacia las víctimas de estupro, así como, se verificó la influencia de los valores humanos en la culpabilización del estupro.NenhumaA presente tese objetivou avaliar diferentes aspectos das atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro e suas relações com traços de personalidade, valores humanos, honra e machismo. Para tanto, foram elaborados um artigo teórico e quatro empíricos. O Artigo 1 discutiu o estupro, focando nas atitudes frente às vítimas, e as consequências psicológicas e socioculturais dessas atitudes. Em seguida, foram realizados dois estudos empíricos (artigo 2 e artigo 3) de adaptação e validação de instrumentos psicológicos para o contexto brasileiro. Precisamente, o Artigo 2 apresentou o processo de validação e comprovação da estrutura da Escala de Atitudes frente à vítima de estupro (EAVE) por meio de dois estudos; no primeiro, participaram 200 pessoas, com 21,8±5,27 anos, no qual, foi realizada uma análise dos componentes principais apontando uma estrutura de três componentes que explicaram conjuntamente 39,02% da variância total, apresentando índices de consistência interna adequados, como seguem: credibilidade da vítima (α = 0,82), merecimento da vítima (α = 0,80) e culpa da vítima (α = 0,60). No Estudo 2 efetivou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória com as respostas de 231 estudantes universitários, apresentando idade de 21,6±4,02 anos, que corroborou a estrutura trifatorial [e.g., GFI = 0,86, RMSEA = 0,05 (IC90% = 0,044-0,062)] dessa medida. O Artigo 3 objetivou adaptar a Escala de Machismo Sexual para o contexto brasileiro, reunindo evidências de seus parâmetros psicométricos, sendo também composto de dois estudos. Participaram 231 estudantes universitários (Estudo 1) e 200 pessoas da população geral (Estudo 2), com 21,6± 4,02 e 21,8±5,27 anos, respectivamente. Como resultados, encontrou-se uma solução unifatorial, com indicadores de consistência interna satisfatórios (α = 0,81 e α = 0,76) e validade convergente com os fatores Sexismo Hostil e Sexismo Benévolo da Escala de Sexismo Ambivalente. Ademais, uma análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou tal dimensão preconizada [e.g., CFI = 0,97 e RMSEA = 0,02 (IC90% = 0,075-0,104)]. O Artigo 4 avaliou os correlatos das atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro, construindo um modelo explicativo tendo, como variáveis independentes o machismo, a preocupação com a honra, os valores humanos e os traços de personalidade. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 212 pessoas da cidade de Patos-PB (24,9±9,58anos). A partir da realização de regressões lineares, propôs-se um modelo explicativo no qual os traços de personalidade (extroversão e neuroticismo) predisseram os valores (interativo e existência), a preocupação com a honra (honra masculina) e o machismo, e esses por sua vez explicaram as atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro. O modelo apresentou os seguintes indicadores de qualidade: χ²/gl = 2,75, GFI = 0,94, AGFI = 0,90, CFI = 0,87 e RMSEA = 0,09 (IC90% = 0,065 – 0,011); apontando para um ajuste satisfatório deste modelo. Por fim, o Artigo 5 investigou a relação entre os valores da vítima, o ambiente onde ela estava e o gênero dos respondentes da pesquisa. Participaram 200 pessoas (22,4± 8,37 anos) que após a leitura de cenários de estupro de uma mulher, responderam questões relativas à situação de violência descrita no cenário. Como resultado, houve diferença significativa nos respondentes do sexo masculino, no nível maior culpabilização do homem quando a vítima foi descrita priorizando valores interativos e normativos comparado com valores de experimentação e realização. Já as mulheres, atribuíram significativamente mais culpa ao homem quando a vítima foi descrita com valores de realização e normativo do que valores de experimentação. Confia-se ter contribuído para a literatura na área, fornecendo duas medidas breves, especificamente uma de avaliação das atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro e outra de machismo; foi construído um modelo explicativo das atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro, bem como, verificou-se a influência dos valores humanos na culpabilização do estupro.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilPsicologia SocialPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia SocialUFPBGouveia, Valdiney Velosohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6960379064948678Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo2019-02-26T17:59:04Z2019-02-262019-02-26T17:59:04Z2017-06-19info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13772porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-02-26T17:59:04Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/13772Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-02-26T17:59:04Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
title Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
spellingShingle Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo
Estupro
Machismo
Valores
Honra
Personalidade
Rape
Sexism
Values
Honor
Personality
Personalidad
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
title_short Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
title_full Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
title_fullStr Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
title_full_unstemmed Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
title_sort Atitudes frente às vítimas de estupro: o papel de variáveis socioculturais e sociopsicológicas
author Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo
author_facet Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Gouveia, Valdiney Veloso
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6960379064948678
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Barbosa, Larisse Helena Gomes Macêdo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Estupro
Machismo
Valores
Honra
Personalidade
Rape
Sexism
Values
Honor
Personality
Personalidad
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
topic Estupro
Machismo
Valores
Honra
Personalidade
Rape
Sexism
Values
Honor
Personality
Personalidad
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
description The present thesis aimed at evaluating different aspects of attitudes towards victims of rape, and its relation with personality, human values, honor, and sexism. Thus, one theoretical paper and four empirical papers were elaborated. Paper 1 discussed rape, focusing on attitudes towards victims, and the psychological and socio-cultural consequences of these attitudes. Next, two empirical studies were performed (paper 2 and paper 3) an instrument adaptation and validation for the Brazilian context. More precisely, in Paper 2, the validation and verification of the “Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale (ARVS)” were performed through two studies. The first one counted on 200 participants with mean age of 21.8 years old (SD = 5.27), in which a principal components analysis was performed, pointing out to a three components structure that explained 39.02% of the total variance. This structure presented adequate internal consistency indices, as it follows: credibility of the victim (α = .82), deserving of the victim (α = .80) and the victim's fault (α = .60). In Study 2, 231 university students participated, presenting a mean age of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), where a confirmatory factorial analysis was performed, corroborating the three factor structure of this measure [e.g. GFI = .86, RMSEA = .05 (IC90% = .044-.062)]. Paper 3 aimed at adapting the Sexual Machism Scale for the Brazilian context, gathering evidences of its psychometric parameters, also composed by two studies. Participants were 231 students (study 1), and 200 people from the general population (study 2), with mean ages of 21.6 years old (DS = 4.02), and 21.8 years old (DP = 5.27), respectively. As results, a one-factor solution was found, with satisfactory indicators of internal consistency (α = .81 and α = .76), and convergent validity with the factors of Hostile Sexism and Benevolent Sexism from the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis corroborated such preconized dimension [e.g., CFI = .97 and RMSEA = .02 (IC90% = .075-.104)]. Paper 4 assessed the correlates of attitudes towards victims of rape, developing an explicative model with sexism, honor concerns, human values, and personality traits as independent variables. A 212 sample of people from the city of Patos-PB was used, with mean age of 24.9 (SD = 9.58). Through linear regressions, an explicative model was proposed, where personality traits (extroversion and neuroticism) would predict human values (interactive and existence), honor concerns (male honor) and sexism, and these, then, would explain attitudes towards victims of rape. The model presented the following fit indices: χ²/gl = 2.75, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .87 and RMSEA = .09 (IC90% = .065 – .011); pointing out to a satisfactory adjustment of this model. Finally, Paper 5 investigated the relation amongst the victims’ values, the environment they were in, and the respondents’ gender. Participants were 200 people, with mean age of 22.4 years old (SD = 8.37), who after the reading of scenarios of a woman’s rape, answered questions related to the violence situation described in the scenario. As a result, significant differences were found regarding male respondents, with a higher level of male’s blame when the victim was described as prioritizing interactive and normative values compared to excitement and promotion values. On the other hand, women attributed the blame more significantly to men when the victim was described as having high promotion and normative values instead of excitement values. We are confident that contributions were given to this literature field, promoting two short measures, more specifically one evaluation attitudes towards victims of rape, and another one regarding sexism. Furthermore, an explicative model of attitudes towards victims of rape was developed, and the influence of human values on the blame for rape situations was tested.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017-06-19
2019-02-26T17:59:04Z
2019-02-26
2019-02-26T17:59:04Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13772
url https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13772
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil
Psicologia Social
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social
UFPB
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil
Psicologia Social
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social
UFPB
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
instacron:UFPB
instname_str Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
instacron_str UFPB
institution UFPB
reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
collection Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br
_version_ 1801842945369833472

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