Biofilme e macrófitas como ferramenta de biorremediação em ecossistemas aquáticos e tratamento de esgotos

• Autor(a) principal: Pérez, Jhazaira Mantilla
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9094
• topic: Biorremediação; Perifiton; Zooplâncton; Eutrofização; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

With the growing need to recover degraded aquatic ecosystems By anthropic interventions and climate in semi-arid regions of Brazil, bioremediation Using biofilm and macrophytes is an effective tool for the recovery of these Environments. In this way, this research aims to evaluate the bioremediation system of the Eutrophication through the use of macrophytes and biofilm, in natural systems (river and reservoir) and in Sewage Treatment Station. For this, substrates were installed for biofilm fixation In two aquatic environments: in the Manoel Marcionílio dam and in the Sewage Treatment Station (ETE) of Mangabeira. To evaluate the effect of macrophytes, a natural wetland (Macrophyte-perifiton complex) as a bioremediator in a zone of the Hair River. In the pond 10 wood structures with suspended plastics were used as the fixing substrate for the Biofilm. In the ETE of Mangabeira in turn were used plastics suspended in boxes of Water (mesocosmos) filled with water from the facultative pond. In Rio do Pelo, the effect was evaluated Of natural wetland in the improvement of water quality, in two different situations, the river Completely and partially covered by macrophytes. In all three environments, Physical variables and collected biological samples of periphyton and zooplankton as Bioindicators of water quality. The results showed changes in water quality Over time in all three environments, reflecting the positive effect of biofilm on the absorption of Nutrients (nitrite-NO₂, nitrate-NO₃, ammonia-NH₃, phosphate-3- 4 PO). In the reservoir, the Zooplankton that best indicated the quality of the water were the copepodos calanoides N. Of water of better quality upstream of the biofilm (where it would be assumed Feel the effect of the treatment), and M. minuta as indicator of more eutrophic waters, downstream Of biofilm structures. The algae of the class Cyanophyceae were the most abundant, indicating Greater tolerance to periods of drought. In TEE, there was an increase in oxygen concentration in the Water from boxes with biofilm from experiment, and a decrease in nutrient load. THE Density of species of peripheral algae (Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae) and zooplankton (Rotifera and Cladócera), showed the change in the physical and chemical conditions of the water, indicating a notorious Improvement in quality. In Rio do Pelo, there was a decrease in the concentration of Orthophosphate and ammonia and an increase in oxygen in the wetland zone and downstream of it, when Partially covered the river. It can be concluded that although the environmental conditions in Each site of study were different, influencing the response of the bioremediation system, The use of biofilm and the wetland system becomes a good tool for the recovery of Eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, contributing to the mitigation of environmental impacts Ecosystems. Therefore, due to the treatment with macrophytes To avoid excessive plant growth, the biofilm was As an efficient remedial community, and should be used in bioremediation projects.