Intervenção educativa sobre pé diabético para enfermeiros da atenção primária

• Autor(a) principal: Felix, Lidiany Galdino
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/12329
• topic: Enfermagem; Pé diabético; Atenção primária à saúde; Educação continuada em enfermagem; Nursing; Diabetic foot; Primary health care; Continuing education in nursing; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Introduction: The diabetic foot is considered one of the main chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the prime cause of ulceration and amputation of lower limbs. However, several of these complications could be prevented through educational approach and periodic examination. Nurses, among the professionals working in primary health care services, play an important role on the prevention and early detection of complication of the diabetic feet; they are directly involved in the daily care for people with this disease. To this end, it is vital those professionals have knowledge and technical skills to carry out the examination of the feet, in order to prevent and identify such complications. Objective: To analyze the effects of an educational intervention on theoretical-practical knowledge of primary care nurses, face care for diabetic foot examination and prevention. Method: The study of multiple methods developed in two steps: (1) Study methodology with quantitative approach to construction and validation of knowledge Research questionnaire of nurses on diabetic foot (QICEPeD); (2) Intervention study, quasi-experimental, before and after type, quantity and qualitative design. The educational intervention was operationalized according to the steps of the methodology of Problematization with Maguerez arc: Observation of reality, key points, theorizing, chances of solution and application to reality. For data collection there were used two strategies: Application of QICEPeD tool, before and after the educational intervention; and the focal group technique. The empirical material was analyzed quantitatively using SPSS and qualitatively by the technique of content Analysis of the Thematic type. The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research, Opinion N 0577/2015. Results: (1) The process of content validation of the instrument was carried out by a group of 10 judges in two steps. All the items assessed in the second stage they obtained Content Validity Index = 0.90. Analysis of reliability and internal consistency of the total instrument was high (a = 0.860); (2) The reality observed during the educational intervention, indicated that the examination of the feet is not a practice of care usually held during the nursing consultation to people with diabetes, most often is made only when the user requests or concerns a complaint. There was consensus among focus groups that the little knowledge and lack of professional training on the subject are the main factors that hinder the realization of examination of the feet by nurses in primary health care. At the end of the intervention, there were found some changes in nurses’ perception about the need to give more importance to the examination of the feet of diabetic people. There was a significant increase of the minimum and maximum score, and average of hits for the issues investigated in theoretical dimensions I and II, after the educational intervention (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Educational intervention proved effective to promote changes in the theoretical-practical knowledge of these professionals, evidenced by the significant increase in the average of hits, especially in issues related to clinical evaluation of the foot at risk, responding like this, the hypothesis of the study.