Por que as pessoas traem? Um retorno da psicanálise aos mitos indígenas e às tragédias euripidianas para se compreender as origens do adultério

• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Jhonatan Leal da
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21407
• topic: Adultério; Mito; Literatura indígena; Eurípides; Psicanálise; Adultery; Myth; Indigenous literature; Psicoanálisis; Psychoanalysis; CNPQ::LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS

This thesis has as main objective to understand why people commit adultery. Therefore, we problematize conjugal infidelity’s origins through Freudian psychoanalysis, indigenous myths collected in Brazilian territory by Betty Mindlin (1993), and Euripidian tragedies. Polemic, controversial, and ambivalent, adultery exists, according to scholars such as Helen Fisher (1995), Timothy Taylor (1997), and Peter Stearns (2010), since the idea of sexual exclusivity was established. Identified in all ages and societies so far investigated conjugal infidelity, despite having accompanied humanity’s evolution as a sociosexual practice, uses to be imbued, by both artists and civilians, by representations, feelings, and paradoxical values. However adultery is widely known as the disruption of sexual exclusivity between spouses, the fact is that its definition tends to vary from culture to culture, from period to period and, nowadays, from couple to couple and subject to subject. Nevertheless, even with all variations and possibilities of verifying the incidence of a love betrayal, it is a fact that, in a universally and timeless way, adultery tends to be considered a transgression. Maybe because of this, conjugal infidelity has been a recurring theme in literary works and also used by writers that, in the course of the centuries, have intended to represent, understand, problematize, sublimate, or entertain us with the voluptuousness intensity and misfortunes which commonly rule the breaches of affective and sexual oaths. Because it demands lies and disguises from the adulterers in order to allow the continuity of this practice or for not being discovered, adultery stimulates in its proselytes the creation and exhibition of different personas, according to what is portrayed by authors from Homer (2010) to Clarice Lispector (1998). In this scenery, we have been problematizing: to whom one is unfaithful when betraying? Our thesis is that adultery has its genesis and primordial pleasure in the psychic fantasy for we believe it is an unconscious experience of realization attempt of original fantasies as established by Sigmund Freud ([1900] 2019): vision of the primitive scene, seduction, castration and return to the motherly womb. We start from the hypothesis that indigenous myths and Greek tragedies, when representing the adultery theme, at some level also allude to one or more original fantasies. By placing ourselves just as one ideological and inevitably faulty point of view about such a vast subject as conjugal infidelity in mythology and ancient texts, we have delimited five indigenous myths and two Greek tragedies that will better illustrate our ideas: “The rascal dating”, “A tapir-boyfriend”, “The man with the long stick”, “Berewekoronti, the cruel husband and the traitorous woman”, and “The Txopokod lover and the giant clit girl”, all of them (re)told by Betty Mindlin (2014); from Euripedes (2015) our focus is on the tragedies Hippolytus (428 a.C.) and Medea (431 a.C.), even though it is not our purpose of doing a deep literary analysis. We have worked through a psychoanalytic bias, more precisely in a Freudian approach, once Freud has based a considerable part of his theory on tragedies and ancient myths. The research is divided into four chapters: the first one encompasses adultery in Prehistory and Antiquity; second and third present concepts and baseline cases of Freudian psychoanalysis, linked by us to infidelity notions; and the fourth one, under the perspective of literary theory, seeks to elucidate genealogy and forms of indigenous myths, Euripidean Greek tragedies, of how approach them psychoanalytically and how these ancestral texts can contribute for the understanding of adultery origins. The idea is that psychoanalytic analysis help to better understand the conjugal infidelity theme in the ways of how this affective and sexual practice was cut by the narratives under discussion; works which go back to the beginnings of humanity. In the considerations, the general evaluation of our results and validation of our thesis that resonates in the ambiguity with which adultery can be, at the same time, an escape attempt and dating..