As mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra e sua Influência na geração de ilhas de calor urbana da superfície e conforto térmico em João Pessoa, Paraíba

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Regiane Aparecida de Souza e
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21498
• topic: Urbanização; Ilhas de calor; Microescala; Sensoriamento remoto; SIG; Urbanization; Heat islands; Microscale; Remote sensing; GIS; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL

Changes in the urban landscape caused by urbanization in urban centers cause changes in land use and coverage, which impact the urban microclimate and generate problems for the well-being of the population. Among the changes resulting from urbanization, it can be mentioned that the formation of urban surface heat islands is one of the most studied phenomena with regard to the urban climate. The occurrence of this phenomenon is related to changes in the type of land use and coverage, such as the replacement of green areas by impermeable materials, such as concrete, glass, and pavements, which have greater heat absorption, which increases temperatures in urban centers in relation to natural areas. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the long-term spatial dynamics of the impact of recent changes in urbanization on the generation of urban surface heat islands in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. For this purpose, the following methods and products were used: (a) classification of land use and coverage of three satellite images from Landsat 5 (1991, 2006 and 2010) and one from Landsat 8 (2018), (b) signature for each category of land use determined by means of MODIS satellite images for the years 2011 to 2018 obtained by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, (c) determination of the vegetation index by normalized difference (NDVI) and the index of vegetation adjusted to the soil (SAVI) to determine a relationship between the thermal behavior and the characteristics of each category of land use, (d) observed temperature and air humidity data collected in 9 climatological stations and from Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia from Brazil (INMET) for the period 2011 (January-March; June-August) and 2018 (January-September), and (e) calculating thermal discomfort using the Thom Discomfort Index (TDI). The results obtained show that during the 27 years studied there was an increase in the urban area, in which the period from 2006 to 2010 was the period where there was the greatest increase in this class of land use. Regarding the air temperature obtained in the field, higher values were obtained for the year 2018, in the dry periods (summer) and during the day. Based on the results, a considerable increase in discomfort for the daytime is observed in the urbanized areas of the city in the 2011 - 2018 interval. In relation to the formations of the heat islands, the spatiotemporal observation shows a concentration along the built areas and in an opposite way the green areas and water bodies functioned as cool islands. Statistical parameters were used to evaluate the approximation of field data with satellite data, resulting in a better performance of Landsat data compared to MODIS data in the microscale.