Identificação das vulnerabilidades e potencialidades da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Canhoto- PE/AL, com vistas ao zoneamento ambiental

• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Samuel Othon de Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13604
• topic: Bacia hidrográfica do Rio Canhoto; Potencialidade e vulnerabilidade ambiental; Zoneamento ambiental; Watershed; Potentiality and environmental vulnerability; Environmental zoning; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS

Various forms of use natural spaces induce various transformations in the natural dynamics of the landscape. Thus, the inadequate management of the environment, superior to the capacity of support, has increased the conditions of degradation and transformation of the landscape. This work had the objective of performing an analysis of the Potentiality and Environmental Vulnerability of the watershed Canhoto River, taking into account the integration of the elements acting in the landscape. In this way, a relation of the natural and anthropic elements was adopted, precisely the precipitation, temperature, vegetation cover, relief dissection, soils, lithology and land use, aiming to establish the level of potentiality and environmental vulnerability for sustainable use of the object of study. With the use of this information, the paper proposes a proposal of environmental zoning, based on the mapping and analysis of potentiality and environmental vulnerability, in order to characterize areas that need changes in the way of management. Thus, geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques were used to carry out the work, collecting, processing, storing and analyzing information about the watershed Canhoto River. In this sense, with the help of integrative theoretical aspects to foment work, using map algebra to establish a hierarchy and an integration of the lithological, soil, vegetation cover, relief, precipitation and land use aspects of the study object. Thus, the mapping of Potentiality and Environmental Vulnerability was established, establishing 5 classes: Very High Potentiality, High Potentiality, Intermediate Level, High Vulnerability and Very High Vulnerability. We can analyze that the environmental vulnerability is greater than the areas of potentiality in the watershed Canhoto River. Adding the classes of vulnerability, we will have about 434,994 km², higher than the intermediate level that is 407,030 Km². In counterpoint, adding the classes of potentiality we will have 347,108 Km². Being a difference of 87,887 Km² between the classes of vulnerability and potentiality. For the environmental zoning were established 4 classes: Rehabilitation, improvement, use and preservation. From the quantification of the areas of the environmental zoning classes, the Utilization class has the largest amount, with approximately 400 km² emphasizing that one can better take advantage of the current use pattern, interspersing with other functional and / or environmental uses. Following the Utilization class, comes the Improvement with about 305,633 km² of areas that need to optimize the current use through alternative techniques to reach the objectives of the functional flow, without losing the environmental value. Followed by this last class, comes the Rehabilitation with 250, 039 Km² of areas that need significant change. Finally comes the lowest class of the mapped environmental zoning, the Preservation with approximately 233 km², showing that they are areas with good potential, but it is necessary to maintain a planning focused on sustainability. Considering the data collected, we can see that the watershed Canhoto River has a higher level of Environmental Vulnerability, since both naturally and suffering anthropic influences together the classes of High and Very High vulnerability form the largest areas, while those of Very Low and Low vulnerability are minor.