Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/18793 |
Resumo: | Nowadays, ecosystems are being increasingly degraded and altered by human beings and this has brought negative and sometimes irreversible consequences, both for the environment and for man. Aquatic ecosystems, for example, are constantly being attacked through the most different types of pollution that are dumped or directed at them. In this way, sustainable and ecological alternatives have been seen as a viable alternative for the environment and to improve the quality of life of the populations. This project is the result of an international research carried out between Capes-UFPB and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança in Portugal, by International Program of UFPB. It is proposed in the present study to evaluate socio-environmental conflicts, water quality and to test a biotreatment with biofilm and macrophytes (BioMac) in two rivers at different latitudes, one tropical and the other temperate. The study areas are Cabelo River, PB , Brazil and the Fervença River, Portugal; Physical, chemical and biological analyzes were performed. Chemical analyzes were analyzed according to APHA. Macrophyte containment structures were constructed and artificial substrates were inserted for the implantation of the biofilm. Through visual, physical, chemical and biological monitoring, it was found that both environments are not of good quality and that the data indicate a high amount of organic pollution in some parts of Cabelo River. The riverside population of Cabelo River interviewed was willing to participate with the project in the hope of watching the river to return to be a pleasant and clean environment. In some houses, the Banana Circle (previous gray water treatment) and the Evapotranspiration Tank (for black water treatment) were implanted in order to prevent these waters from going to the river without previous treatment or polluting the soil. Structures were installed to colonize the biofilm within both rivers, with the aim of reducing the amount of some high nutrients and thereby enabling an increase in the biodiversity and density of the organisms, a fact found informally, at the end of the research, through the visual analysis of the research team, and also some residents and fishermen. In Cabelo River, in most months, the highest values of pH and conductivity, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and ammonia occurred in P1, which receives sewage, while the highest concentrations of nitrite and nitrate occurred in P2 and P3, in most months. Significant differences were found in the comparison between each point before and after biotreatment for dissolved oxygen (P1, P4 and P6), temperature (P1, P2 and P3), conductivity (P1, P4, P5 and P6), total phosphorus ( P1, P3 and P6), orthophosphate (P3 and P4), ammonia (P1, P4, P5 and P6), nitrite (P1 and P3), nitrate (P1, P2 and P3); The visual analysis registered differences in macrophyte diversity, with 4 genera before biotreatment and 8 genera after biotreatment in P5. Much more transparent water was observed after biotreatment. In the Fervença River, despite a decrease in nutrient concentrations, these were not significant differences. The predominant macroinvertebrates were of the family Chironomidae and Glossiphonidae in May / 18 and Jul / 18 and Chironomidae and Erpobdellidae in Sep / 18 and Nov / 18, after the installation of the BioMac the macrobenthes decreased the density of the Pollution Indicator Families. The periphyton present in the biofilm was mainly represented by Bacillariophiceae genera. Thus, it can be concluded that the pilot system of biotreatment was effective in both rivers, but it is more efficient in more polluted places, and can be applied in the two latitudes tested. In Cabelo River the water became much more transparent and the mangrove was born at its mouth. Thus, the H1 research hypothesis that Cabelo River is polluted to its full extent, was accepted, because pollution is registered at the points upstream due to sewage and from the P4 caused by the extensive macrophyte banks, the H2 that the residents no longer use the river was accepted and the H3 that the bioremediation system is efficient was also accepted |
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Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitasMonitoramento aquáticoPerifítonBiofilmeGestão participativaAquatic monitoringPeriphytonBiofilmParticipatory managementCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIANowadays, ecosystems are being increasingly degraded and altered by human beings and this has brought negative and sometimes irreversible consequences, both for the environment and for man. Aquatic ecosystems, for example, are constantly being attacked through the most different types of pollution that are dumped or directed at them. In this way, sustainable and ecological alternatives have been seen as a viable alternative for the environment and to improve the quality of life of the populations. This project is the result of an international research carried out between Capes-UFPB and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança in Portugal, by International Program of UFPB. It is proposed in the present study to evaluate socio-environmental conflicts, water quality and to test a biotreatment with biofilm and macrophytes (BioMac) in two rivers at different latitudes, one tropical and the other temperate. The study areas are Cabelo River, PB , Brazil and the Fervença River, Portugal; Physical, chemical and biological analyzes were performed. Chemical analyzes were analyzed according to APHA. Macrophyte containment structures were constructed and artificial substrates were inserted for the implantation of the biofilm. Through visual, physical, chemical and biological monitoring, it was found that both environments are not of good quality and that the data indicate a high amount of organic pollution in some parts of Cabelo River. The riverside population of Cabelo River interviewed was willing to participate with the project in the hope of watching the river to return to be a pleasant and clean environment. In some houses, the Banana Circle (previous gray water treatment) and the Evapotranspiration Tank (for black water treatment) were implanted in order to prevent these waters from going to the river without previous treatment or polluting the soil. Structures were installed to colonize the biofilm within both rivers, with the aim of reducing the amount of some high nutrients and thereby enabling an increase in the biodiversity and density of the organisms, a fact found informally, at the end of the research, through the visual analysis of the research team, and also some residents and fishermen. In Cabelo River, in most months, the highest values of pH and conductivity, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and ammonia occurred in P1, which receives sewage, while the highest concentrations of nitrite and nitrate occurred in P2 and P3, in most months. Significant differences were found in the comparison between each point before and after biotreatment for dissolved oxygen (P1, P4 and P6), temperature (P1, P2 and P3), conductivity (P1, P4, P5 and P6), total phosphorus ( P1, P3 and P6), orthophosphate (P3 and P4), ammonia (P1, P4, P5 and P6), nitrite (P1 and P3), nitrate (P1, P2 and P3); The visual analysis registered differences in macrophyte diversity, with 4 genera before biotreatment and 8 genera after biotreatment in P5. Much more transparent water was observed after biotreatment. In the Fervença River, despite a decrease in nutrient concentrations, these were not significant differences. The predominant macroinvertebrates were of the family Chironomidae and Glossiphonidae in May / 18 and Jul / 18 and Chironomidae and Erpobdellidae in Sep / 18 and Nov / 18, after the installation of the BioMac the macrobenthes decreased the density of the Pollution Indicator Families. The periphyton present in the biofilm was mainly represented by Bacillariophiceae genera. Thus, it can be concluded that the pilot system of biotreatment was effective in both rivers, but it is more efficient in more polluted places, and can be applied in the two latitudes tested. In Cabelo River the water became much more transparent and the mangrove was born at its mouth. Thus, the H1 research hypothesis that Cabelo River is polluted to its full extent, was accepted, because pollution is registered at the points upstream due to sewage and from the P4 caused by the extensive macrophyte banks, the H2 that the residents no longer use the river was accepted and the H3 that the bioremediation system is efficient was also acceptedFundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba - FAPESQAtualmente os ecossistemas estão sendo cada vez mais degradados e alterados pelos seres humanos e isso tem trazido consequências negativas e por vezes irreversíveis, tanto para o meio ambiente quanto para o homem. Os ecossistemas aquáticos, por exemplo, estão constantemente sendo agredidos através dos mais diferentes tipos de poluição que lhes são despejados ou direcionados. Dessa forma, alternativas sustentáveis e ecológicas têm sido vistas como uma alternativa viável para o ambiente e para melhorar a qualidade de vida das populações. Este projeto é fruto de pesquisa internacional pelo PRINT UFPB realizada em parceria com o Instituto Politécnico de Bragança em Portugal. Propõe-se no presente estudo avaliar os conflitos socioambientais, a qualidade de água e testar um biotratamento com biofilme e macrófitas (BioMac) em dois rios em latitudes diferentes, uma tropical e outra temperada. As áreas de estudo são o Rio do Cabelo, PB, Brasil e o Rio Fervença, Portugal. Foram realizadas análises físicas, químicas e biológicas. As análises químicas foram realizadas segundo APHA. Foram construídas estruturas de contenção das macrófitas e inseridos substratos artificiais para a implantação do biofilme. Através do monitoramento visual, físico, químico e biológico, verificou-se que ambos os ambientes não estão com boa qualidade e que os dados indicam alta quantidade de poluição orgânica em alguns pontos do Rio do Cabelo. A população ribeirinha do Rio do Cabelo entrevistada dispôs-se a participar com o projeto na esperança de observar o Rio voltar a ser um ambiente agradável e despoluído. Em algumas casas foram implantados Círculos de Bananeiras (tratamento das águas cinzas) e o Tanque de Evapotranspiração (tratamento das águas negras) de forma a evitar que essas águas se direcionassem para o Rio sem tratamento prévio ou poluíssem o solo e consequentemente o lençol freático. Foram instaladas estruturas para colonização do biofilme dentro de ambos os rios, com o objetivo de reduzir a quantidade de alguns nutrientes em excesso e com isso possibilitar um aumento na biodiversidade e na densidade dos organismos, fato constatado informalmente através da análise visual da equipe de pesquisa e também de alguns moradores e pescadores. No Rio do Cabelo, na maioria dos meses, os valores mais elevados de pH e condutividade, fósforo total, ortofosfato e amônia ocorreram no P1, que recebe esgoto, enquanto que as maiores concentrações de nitrito e nitrato ocorreram no P2 e P3, na maioria dos meses. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas na comparação entre cada ponto antes e após o biotratamento para o oxigênio dissolvido (P1, P4 e P6), temperatura (P1, P2 e P3), condutividade (P1, P4, P5 e P6), fósforo total (P1, P3 e P6), ortofosfato (P3 e P4), amônia (P1, P4, P5 e P6), nitrito (P1 e P3), nitrato (P1, P2 e P3); A análise visual registrou diferenças na diversidade das macrófitas sendo encontrados 4 gêneros antes do biotratamento e 8 gêneros após o biotratamento no P5. Foi verificada água muito mais transparente após o biotratamento. No Rio Fervença, apesar de ter-se verificado uma diminuição nas concentrações de nutrientes, estas não foram significativas. Os macroinvertebrados predominantes foram da família Chironomidae e Glossiphonidae em mai/18 e jul/18 e Chironomidae e Erpobdellidae em set/18 e nov/18, após a instação do BioMac o macrobentos diminuiu a densidade das Famílias indicadoras de poluição e aumentou as densidades de organismos presentes em ambientes menos poluídos. O perifíton presente no biofilme foi constituído principalmente de gêneros de Bacillariophiceae. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o sistema piloto do biotratamento foi eficaz em ambos os rios, mas é mais eficiente em locais mais poluídos, podendo ser aplicado nas duas latitudes testadas. No Rio do Cabelo a água ficou muito mais transparente e o mangue nasceu na foz. Assim as hipóteses H1 de pesquisa de que o Rio do Cabelo apresenta-se poluído em toda a sua extensão, foi aceite, porque a poluição é registrada nos pontos a montante devido aos esgotos e a partir do P4 causada pelos extensos bancos de macrófitas, a H2 que os moradores não fazem mais uso do rio foi aceite e a H3 que o sistema de biorremediação é eficiente também foi aceiteUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilGerenciamento AmbientalPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio AmbienteUFPBSilva, Maria Cristina Basílio Crispimhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1103302506132951Oliveira, Flávia Martins Franco de2020-12-17T01:33:46Z2021-02-182020-12-17T01:33:46Z2020-02-18info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/18793porhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2021-09-01T19:51:20Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/18793Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2021-09-01T19:51:20Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
title |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
spellingShingle |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas Oliveira, Flávia Martins Franco de Monitoramento aquático Perifíton Biofilme Gestão participativa Aquatic monitoring Periphyton Biofilm Participatory management CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
title_short |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
title_full |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
title_fullStr |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
title_sort |
Biorremediação: uma forma de despoluição de ecossistema lótico com a utilização de biofilme e macrófitas |
author |
Oliveira, Flávia Martins Franco de |
author_facet |
Oliveira, Flávia Martins Franco de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Maria Cristina Basílio Crispim http://lattes.cnpq.br/1103302506132951 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Flávia Martins Franco de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Monitoramento aquático Perifíton Biofilme Gestão participativa Aquatic monitoring Periphyton Biofilm Participatory management CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
topic |
Monitoramento aquático Perifíton Biofilme Gestão participativa Aquatic monitoring Periphyton Biofilm Participatory management CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA |
description |
Nowadays, ecosystems are being increasingly degraded and altered by human beings and this has brought negative and sometimes irreversible consequences, both for the environment and for man. Aquatic ecosystems, for example, are constantly being attacked through the most different types of pollution that are dumped or directed at them. In this way, sustainable and ecological alternatives have been seen as a viable alternative for the environment and to improve the quality of life of the populations. This project is the result of an international research carried out between Capes-UFPB and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança in Portugal, by International Program of UFPB. It is proposed in the present study to evaluate socio-environmental conflicts, water quality and to test a biotreatment with biofilm and macrophytes (BioMac) in two rivers at different latitudes, one tropical and the other temperate. The study areas are Cabelo River, PB , Brazil and the Fervença River, Portugal; Physical, chemical and biological analyzes were performed. Chemical analyzes were analyzed according to APHA. Macrophyte containment structures were constructed and artificial substrates were inserted for the implantation of the biofilm. Through visual, physical, chemical and biological monitoring, it was found that both environments are not of good quality and that the data indicate a high amount of organic pollution in some parts of Cabelo River. The riverside population of Cabelo River interviewed was willing to participate with the project in the hope of watching the river to return to be a pleasant and clean environment. In some houses, the Banana Circle (previous gray water treatment) and the Evapotranspiration Tank (for black water treatment) were implanted in order to prevent these waters from going to the river without previous treatment or polluting the soil. Structures were installed to colonize the biofilm within both rivers, with the aim of reducing the amount of some high nutrients and thereby enabling an increase in the biodiversity and density of the organisms, a fact found informally, at the end of the research, through the visual analysis of the research team, and also some residents and fishermen. In Cabelo River, in most months, the highest values of pH and conductivity, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and ammonia occurred in P1, which receives sewage, while the highest concentrations of nitrite and nitrate occurred in P2 and P3, in most months. Significant differences were found in the comparison between each point before and after biotreatment for dissolved oxygen (P1, P4 and P6), temperature (P1, P2 and P3), conductivity (P1, P4, P5 and P6), total phosphorus ( P1, P3 and P6), orthophosphate (P3 and P4), ammonia (P1, P4, P5 and P6), nitrite (P1 and P3), nitrate (P1, P2 and P3); The visual analysis registered differences in macrophyte diversity, with 4 genera before biotreatment and 8 genera after biotreatment in P5. Much more transparent water was observed after biotreatment. In the Fervença River, despite a decrease in nutrient concentrations, these were not significant differences. The predominant macroinvertebrates were of the family Chironomidae and Glossiphonidae in May / 18 and Jul / 18 and Chironomidae and Erpobdellidae in Sep / 18 and Nov / 18, after the installation of the BioMac the macrobenthes decreased the density of the Pollution Indicator Families. The periphyton present in the biofilm was mainly represented by Bacillariophiceae genera. Thus, it can be concluded that the pilot system of biotreatment was effective in both rivers, but it is more efficient in more polluted places, and can be applied in the two latitudes tested. In Cabelo River the water became much more transparent and the mangrove was born at its mouth. Thus, the H1 research hypothesis that Cabelo River is polluted to its full extent, was accepted, because pollution is registered at the points upstream due to sewage and from the P4 caused by the extensive macrophyte banks, the H2 that the residents no longer use the river was accepted and the H3 that the bioremediation system is efficient was also accepted |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-17T01:33:46Z 2020-12-17T01:33:46Z 2020-02-18 2021-02-18 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/18793 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/18793 |
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por |
language |
por |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
embargoedAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Gerenciamento Ambiental Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Gerenciamento Ambiental Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente UFPB |
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
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Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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