Handebol de praia: subsídios científicos para a compreensão do esporte

• Autor(a) principal: Lemos, Luís Filipe Gomes Barbosa Pereira de
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/27183
• topic: Handebol de praia; Perfil dos jogadores; Determinantes do desempenho; Seleção de talentos; Sistemas complexos; Beach handball; Players profile; Performance determinants; Talent selection; Complex systems; Balonmano playa; Perfil de los jugadores; Determinantes del desempeño; Selección de talento; Sistemas complejos; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA

BACKGROUND: Beach handball is a relatively recent sport, candidate for Olympics. Despite the expressive results obtained internationally by the Brazilian national teams, scientific studies that support beach handball practice are scarce. Much of what is done is based on studies carried out in court handball, in other sand sports, such as beach volleyball, whose specific characteristics differ substantially from beach handball, or on coaches´ empirical knowledge. AIM: to differentiate physical, anthropometric, morphological, physiological and technical parameters of beach handball athletes from different categories, performance levels and competition results. METHODS: this thesis is composed by 4 original cross-sectional, observational studies, whose participants, settings and methodological procedures are different in each study. In study 1, to identify variables that differentiate athletes according to age category, 70 players (53 men) were evaluated for: anthropometric variables, acceleration in 5 meters (m), sprint in 15m, horizontal jump, handgrip strength, speeds of specific beach handball shots. Differences between age groups were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Independent Student's t-test was used to compare variables between sexes, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between each of the fitness variables using BMI and age as covariates. In study 2, in order to differentiate athletes in relation to sports performance, the same variables used in study 1 were considered, relative to 91 senior players (19 world champions). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used with sex and sport level (elite vs sub-elite) as fixed factors. In study 3, to differentiate beginner athletes selected or not for the national team, 64 athletes (198.29 months old; 33 men), participants of the preparatory phase of the Brazilian national team for the World Beach Handball Championship (2017) were evaluated regarding anthropometric and morphological variables, horizontal jump and ball speed in specific throws. Data were analyzed using logistic regression with sex and group (selected vs unselected) as fixed factors, in addition to network analysis. In study 4, to differentiate winner and loser teams, 18 internal and external load parameters were considered, evaluated through inertial measurement unit system in 124 senior players (71 men), over 21 official matches, using exploratory graph analysis. RESULTS: Under-21 athletes performed better in the horizontal jump and 6 m throw than under-19 athletes, while senior athletes performed better in the horizontal jump than under-19 athletes (p≤.05). In male and female athletes, the horizontal jump and the 6m, spin and inflight throws were able to discriminate elite and sub-elite athletes (p<0.001). Additionally, fat-free mass and ball velocity for young male players, and palm diameter and countermovement jump height for females, were able to differentiate selected athletes. However, when using a nonlinear approach, the results indicated that the selection of players implies the exploration of other variables, besides anthropometric, morphological, or physical ones. Finally, winner and loser teams showed similar results regarding internal and external load parameters, regardless of sex, but the patterns of interrelation between these variables for the winner teams suggest greater self-organization. CONCLUSION: This thesis identified differences in relation to physical, anthropometric, morphological, and technical variables of beach handball athletes of different age categories, sexes, and levels of sports performance, highlighting relevant aspects that need to be developed over the years of an athlete preparation in beach handball. However, when using non-linear analytical approaches, these variables are not capable of differentiating young athletes selected for the national team, or even differentiating winner and loser teams.